Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem

All peptides in this study (Table 1) were purchased from ChinaPeptides (Shanghai, China). CleanCap® firefly luciferase mRNA, EGFP mRNA, and cyanine-5 EGFP mRNA were purchased from TriLink Bio Technologies (San Diego, CA, USA). Lipofectamine^TM 2000 transfection reagent was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, USA). Luciferin potassium salt was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA, penicillin/streptomycin antibiotics, and PBS (pH 7.2–7.4) were purchased from Genview (Florida, USA). Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, South America origin) and Opti-MEM I reduced serum medium were purchased from Gibco (New York, USA). DNA Gel Loading Dye (6 ×) was purchased from Biosharp (Anhui, China). GelRed nucleic acid stain was purchased from US Everbright (California, USA). 1 × Tris-acetate EDTA (TAE) buffer was diluted from 50 × TAE buffer (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) using distilled water. A549 and HepG2 cells were purchased from China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC, Shanghai, China). Other reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA) of analytical grade or better grade.

Human GECs (HGECs) were
from Otwo Biotech Inc., Shenzhen, and mung flavors and cigarettes
and cultured in culture dishes with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s
medium (DMEM) (Genview) supplemented with 10% calf serum (Sigma-Aldrich)
at 37 °C in an incubator with 5% CO₂. The cells were
passaged after digestion with 0.25% trypsin (EDTA) (Genview), observed
under a Nikon inverted microscope (Nikon CKX41, Japan),^{23 (link)} and used in experiments at 4–6 generations.