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9 protocols using op 87762

1

Measuring Xylem Cell Wall Thickness

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Stem segments were sampled from the 5th and 6th internodes of each transgenic plant. Tissue sections (10-μm thick) were cut using a microtome (model MTH-1, Nippon Medical & Chemical Instruments Co., Ltd., Osaka). To measure cell wall thickness by image analysis, the cross sections were stained with 1% safranin solution and images were obtained using a microscope (model BZ-X810, Keyence Corporation, Osaka). Cell wall thickness of over 400 xylem cells excluding vessel elements for each transgenic line were analyzed semi-automatically using binarized images obtained from safranin-stained sections using the Local Thickness plugin of ImageJ 2.0.0 [25, 26] . Lignin autofluorescence of an unstained thin section was monitored using a microscope equipped with a DAPI filter set (type OP-87762, Keyence Corporation; excitation filter, 340-380 nm; dichroic mirror, 400 nm; emission filter, 435-485 nm long pass).
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2

Visualizing Osmotic Stress Response

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Transgenic seedlings (4-day old) grown on an MS agar plate were transferred to a plate supplemented with 600 mM sorbitol for 2 d (osmotic-shock stress). Nuclei in the seedlings were stained in PBS containing 0.5 μg/ml Hoechst 33342 for 20–30 min before fluorescence microscopy. Images were obtained with an all-in-one fluorescence microscope (BZ-X800, Keyence, Osaka, Japan) equipped with an optical sectioning module and a Plan Apochromat 40× objective (NA0.95 and BZ-PA40, respectively, both from Keyence, Tokyo). Green fluorescence was detected with a GFP filter (ex 470/40 nm, em 525/50 nm, dichroic 495 nm; OP-87763, Keyence). Blue fluorescence (Hoechst 33342) was detected with a DAPI filter (ex 360/40 nm, em 460/50 nm, dichroic 400 nm; OP-87762, Keyence).
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3

Adipogenesis Quantification via Fluorescence

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Adipogenesis was assessed by staining with Biodipy 493/503 (Invitrogen catalog no. D3922) for lipid droplet accumulation and by staining with Hoechst 33342 (Thermo Fisher catalog no. 62249) for nucleus number at 4 to 6 days post-induction (mouse cells) and 14 to 18 days post-induction (human cells) in individual wells of a 384-well plate (Sigma-Aldrich catalog no. CLS3770). The cells were imaged on a Keyence inverted fluorescence microscope (BZX-710) by using DAPI (excitation, 360/40 nm; emission, 460/50 nm; Keyence, OP-87762) and green fluorescent protein (excitation, 470/40 nm; emission, 525/50 nm; Keyence, OP-87763) filters. Individual wells were imaged in their entirety at 20× magnification to capture a 7-by-7 tiled/stitched grid (mouse studies) or at 10× magnification to capture a 5-by-5 tiled/stitched grid (human studies).
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4

Quantitative Adipogenesis Imaging and Analysis

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Adipogenesis was assessed by staining with Bodipy 493/503 (Invitrogen catalog no. D3922) for lipid accumulation and Hoechst 33342 (Thermo Fisher catalog no. 62249) for nuclei32 . Briefly, cells were differentiated in 384 well tissue culture plates (Sigma-Aldrich catalog no. CLS3770), fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, stained, and imaged on a Keyence inverted microscope (BZX-710) using Keyence BZ-X Viewer Software (1.3.1.1) with the following filters: DAPI (ex, 360/40 nm; em, 460/50 nm; Keyence, OP-87762) and GFP (ex, 470/40 nm; em, 525/50 nm; Keyence, OP-87763) filters. Images were acquired at 20x in a 7×7 tiled grid and stitched to capture the entirety of each well. Tiling and stitching were performed with Keyence BZ-X Analyzer software (1.3.0.3). Image quantification was performed automatically in ImageJ (version 1.52E) using a macro which: 1) Split images into component channels, 2a) for the nuclei channel applied a 3-Sigma Gaussian blur, performed thresholding to identify signal above background, performed watershed to segmentation, and counted the number of nuclei, 2b) for the lipid channel applied a 2-Sigma Gaussian blurm performed thresholding to identify signal above background, and counted the area (#of pixels) with signal above threshold. The amount of adipogenesis was calculated as Lipid Area/#nuclei.
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5

Imaging of Fluorescent Zebrafish Embryos

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For bright-field/fluorescent microscopy and time-lapse analyses, wild-type or transgenic embryos were first embedded in 1% low melting agarose in E3 medium and 30 μg/ml tricaine mesylate. Embryos were mounted on 35 mm glass-bottom petri dishes and imaged using Keyence BZ-X700 fluorescent microscope (Japan). A Texas Red filter cube (OP-87765, Keyence) was used to detect mCherry and dsRed-labeled cells, a GFP filter cube (OP-87763, Keyence) was used to detect GFP/EGFP-labeled tissues, and a DAPI filter cube (OP-87762, Keyence) was used to image DAPI-stained samples. Z-series bright-field and fluorescent images were acquired and composite images were generated using the BZ-X Image Analyzer software. Brightness and contrast were adjusted using Fiji Software.
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6

Quantitative Adipogenesis Imaging and Analysis

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Adipogenesis was assessed by staining with Bodipy 493/503 (Invitrogen catalog no. D3922) for lipid accumulation and Hoechst 33342 (Thermo Fisher catalog no. 62249) for nuclei32 . Briefly, cells were differentiated in 384 well tissue culture plates (Sigma-Aldrich catalog no. CLS3770), fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, stained, and imaged on a Keyence inverted microscope (BZX-710) using Keyence BZ-X Viewer Software (1.3.1.1) with the following filters: DAPI (ex, 360/40 nm; em, 460/50 nm; Keyence, OP-87762) and GFP (ex, 470/40 nm; em, 525/50 nm; Keyence, OP-87763) filters. Images were acquired at 20x in a 7×7 tiled grid and stitched to capture the entirety of each well. Tiling and stitching were performed with Keyence BZ-X Analyzer software (1.3.0.3). Image quantification was performed automatically in ImageJ (version 1.52E) using a macro which: 1) Split images into component channels, 2a) for the nuclei channel applied a 3-Sigma Gaussian blur, performed thresholding to identify signal above background, performed watershed to segmentation, and counted the number of nuclei, 2b) for the lipid channel applied a 2-Sigma Gaussian blurm performed thresholding to identify signal above background, and counted the area (#of pixels) with signal above threshold. The amount of adipogenesis was calculated as Lipid Area/#nuclei.
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7

Measuring Xylem Cell Wall Thickness

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Stem segments were sampled from the 5th and 6th internodes of each transgenic plant. Tissue sections (10-μm thick) were cut using a microtome (model MTH-1, Nippon Medical & Chemical Instruments Co., Ltd., Osaka). To measure cell wall thickness by image analysis, the cross sections were stained with 1% safranin solution and images were obtained using a microscope (model BZ-X810, Keyence Corporation, Osaka). Cell wall thickness of over 400 xylem cells excluding vessel elements for each transgenic line were analyzed semi-automatically using binarized images obtained from safranin-stained sections using the Local Thickness plugin of ImageJ 2.0.0 [25, 26] . Lignin autofluorescence of an unstained thin section was monitored using a microscope equipped with a DAPI filter set (type OP-87762, Keyence Corporation; excitation filter, 340-380 nm; dichroic mirror, 400 nm; emission filter, 435-485 nm long pass).
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8

Fluorescence Microscopy for Subcellular Analysis

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The cells were visualized using a fluorescence microscope (BZ-X710; Keyence Co., Osaka, Japan). To visualize the VP, a filter cube (OP-87767; Keyence Co., Osaka, Japan) was used with relevant excitation (405BP20) and fluorescence (RPE630LP) filters. To visualize the MitoBright Green and singlet oxygen, the BZ-X filters GFP (OP-87763; Keyence Co., Osaka, Japan) were used. To visualize the Hoechst staining, the BZ-X filters DAPI (OP-87762; Keyence Co., Osaka, Japan) were used. The software BZ-analyzer (Ver.1.3.1.1., Keyence Co., Osaka, Japan) was used to merge, reduce noise, and enhance signal intensity.
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9

Quantification of Lineage-Traced Adipocytes

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Lineage-traced mature adipocytes were quantified on histology by manually counting GFP+/PLIN1+ double-positive adipocytes across an entire cross section of adipose tissue. Briefly, adipose tissues were thin sectioned in the maximal axis as described above and stained with anti-GFP and anti-PLIN1. Whole adipose tissue sections were imaged on a Keyence inverted fluorescence microscope (BZX-710) equipped with the following filters: DAPI (excitation, 360/40 nm; emission, 460/50 nm; Keyence, OP-87762), GFP (excitation, 470/40 nm; emission, 525/50 nm; Keyence, OP-87763) TRITC (excitation, 545/25 nm, emission 605/70 nm; Keyence OP-87764), and Cy5 (excitation, 620/60 nm, emission 700/75 nm; Keyence OP-87766). Adipose tissue sections were imaged in their entirety at 10x magnification using a tiled grid. Tiling and stitching were performed with Keyence BZ-X Viewer software. Quantification of labeled adipocytes was performed in ImageJ software using the “Cell Counter” plugin to count GFP+/PLIN1+ adipocytes. Total adipocyte count was performed using CellProfiler software (Broad Institute Inc) using the “IdentifyPrimaryObjects” module. Normalization for differences in adipose tissue slice size and cell number was accomplished by dividing the number of GFP + lineage traced adipocytes by the total PLIN1+ adipocyte count.
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