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Xylazine hydrochloride

Manufactured by Ceva
Sourced in Germany, Brazil

Xylazine hydrochloride is a sedative and analgesic agent used in veterinary medicine. It is a laboratory pharmaceutical product designed for use in animal research and clinical settings. The core function of xylazine hydrochloride is to induce sedation and pain relief in animals.

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3 protocols using xylazine hydrochloride

1

Pharmacokinetics of Resovist in Rabbits

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Resovist (50 μmol/kg) was administered into the ear artery of ten female New Zealand White rabbits after drawing of a control blood sample. Five animals received Resovist by I’rom Pharmaceutical Co Ltd and five by Bayer Pharma AG, respectively. Each rabbit weighed approximately 4 kg. Directly (about 30 seconds) after administration of Resovist, a second blood sample was collected as a baseline sample (T0) from the contralateral ear artery to avoid contamination with residual Resovist. This was repeated after 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 minutes. During the experiments, the animals were kept under full anesthesia by bodyweight-adapted subcutaneous injection of ketamine hydrochloride (0.7 mL/kg bodyweight; Ceva Animal Health, Düsseldorf, Germany) and xylazine hydrochloride (0.3 mL/kg bodyweight; Ceva Animal Health). Blood samples were collected in accordance with the recommendations of the German Society for Laboratory Animal Science.10
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2

Hematological and Biochemical Analysis of Anesthetized Animals

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Animals were anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride (Ceva Santé Animale, Paulínia, SP, Brazil) and 90 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (Ceva Santé Animale). Blood was collected from anesthetized animals by cardiac puncture. Samples of EDTA-anticoagulated blood were used to determine the following hematological parameters: red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, hematocrit (Htc), and hemoglobin (Hb). All analyses were performed using a veterinary hematology analyser ABC Vet (HORIBA®, UK). Differential cell counts were determined on stained slides under oil immersion microscopy. Based on morphological criteria, 100 cells per sample were counted and classified as either mononuclear or polymorphonuclear. A sample aliquot without anticoagulant was centrifuged (10 min, 3500 rpm) at room temperature. Next, the serum was separated and used for measuring ionic calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine by colorimetric assay according to the manufacturer's protocol (LabTest Diagnóstica, Lagoa Santa, MG, Brazil). Serum 25(OH)D was measured by EUROIMMUN 25–OH–Vitamin D ELISA kit (Luebeck, Germany). Serum samples were stored at −80°C.
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3

Annexin A1 Knockout Mice in Inflammation

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Female C57BL/6 mice wild-type (AnxA1+/+) or AnxA1-knockout mice (AnxA1-/-) (25–30 g; 3–5 per group) were provided by the Central Animal House of the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Chemistry Institute of the University of São Paulo. Mice were housed in polycarbonate cages (four animals per cage; Tecniplast, Buguggiate, Italy) at room temperature (22 °C ± 0.1 °C) and humidity (50% ± 10%) with a 12 h light/dark cycle, receiving standard food and water ad libitum. Animals were anesthetized with a combination of ketamine/xylazine solution (20:2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.); xylazine hydrochloride—Ceva Santé Animale; ketamine—Syntec do Brasil Ltda) before each experimental procedure. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the School of Pharmaceutical (CEUA FCF/USP 583).
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