C3h hen

BALB/cJ, C57BL/6J, NOD/LtJ, C3H/HeN, RAG1^−/− (B6.129S7-Rag1^tm1Mom/J), Fut2^−/− (B6.129X1-Fut2^tm1Sdo/J), Villin-cre (B6.SJL-Tg(Vil-cre)997Gum/J), and CD11c-cre (C57BL/6J-Tg(Itgax-cre,-EGFP)4097Ach/J) mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). Fut2^−/− mice were backcrossed greater than 7 generations to BALB/c. Knock-out mice produced litters of mixed genotypes kept cohoused to homogenize their gut microbiota. B6 MyD88^−/− mice were a generous gift of Shizuo Akira (Osaka University). B6 MyD88 floxed mice were described ^{31 (link)}. Rorc^{−/−32 (link)}, and IL-23p19^{−/−33 (link)} were provided by Yang-Xin Fu (The University of Chicago). IL-22^−/− mice ^{34 (link)} were maintained at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Mice were housed in a specific pathogen-free facility and used in accordance with institutional guidelines for animal welfare. 6-12 week old male and female mice were used for randomization purposes. The numbers of mice per group were chosen as the minimum needed to obtain biologically significant results, based on previous experience. Evaluations were made in a blind fashion. Functional experiments were done with Fut2-negative mice on the BALB/c genetic background using Fut2-sufficient littermates as controls.