Uvmini 1240 spectrophotometer

In the synthesis procedure, the citric acid (99.8%), ethylenediamine (99.0%) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used. The metal salts NaCl and KCl, and sea water from the Black Sea were used to test the fluorescence sensor. In all the experiments, deionized water was used as the dispersant.
The synthesized Amino-CQDs were characterized through particle size and zeta using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (ZEN3600; Malvern, Worcestershire, UK) and IR—Fourier spectrometer (Thermo NICOLET 380, Waltham, MA, USA) to study the functional groups. The optical properties were investigated using a UV mini-1240 Shimadzu spectrophotometer (Japan), Agilent Technologies Cary Eclipse Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (USA), portable fluorimeter Sentry-200 (Waukesha, WI, USA) and Origin Lab, Python 3.10 software for processing colorimetric effect.

Syn7002 strains were routinely grown in either AD7 or MAD medium, as previously described (Włodarczyk et al., 2020 (link)). All experiments were performed at 30°C and strains were grown in a Fitotron growth chamber (Weiss Technik), under continuous white LED illumination, at either 50 μmol photons·m⁻²·s⁻¹ and ambient air or 300 μmol photons·m⁻²·s⁻¹ and 1.5% CO₂ (v/v)-enriched air (using a custom-made airtight enclosure).
Growth and performance of the different strains were tested in 15 ml cultures, grown in upright tissue culture flasks (Corning, part #3056), inoculated at a starting OD₇₃₀ of 0.1, and measured in a 1 cm-light path UV mini1240 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu) using AD7 as blank. Evaporative water loss was estimated by average weight loss across culture vessels and compensated by daily addition of corresponding volume of sterile MQ water. Whole-cell spectra (between 400 and 730 nm) were recorded in a UV2600i spectrophotometer (Shimadzu), as described above.
All cloning steps were performed using Escherichia coli Stellar supercompetent cells (TaKaRa), grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium supplemented with the appropriate antibiotics, as indicated.

Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b concentrations were quantified from 0.1 g of leaf tissue in ethanol extracts, with absorbance readings taken at 645 nm and 663 nm using a UVmini-1240 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan) (Wellburn, 1994 (link); Wei et al., 2022 (link)). The total chlorophyll content per unit area (Chl_area, mg m^-2) was then calculated by multiplying chlorophyll a+b with the leaf mass per unit area (LMA) (n = 6).

The color attributes including L* (lightness), a* (red/green), b* (yellow/blue), and luminousness were measured using the Ultrascan PRO HunterLab colorimeter (HunterLab) in the total transmission mode and UVmini‐1240 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu). The colorimeter was calibrated by a white standard tile (L* = 99.20, a* = −0.08, b* = −0.01), after which the samples were filled into cuvettes and the color attributes were recorded.

Determination of the concentration of carbohydrate metabolism metabolites was carried out calorimetrically using the UV-mini 1240 spectrophotometer, Shimadzu. For analysis of glucose concentration, a set of reagents Climates-GOT from SPC “Eco-Service”, Moscow, Russia (Cat No. B-11061) was used. The concentration of lactate was determined using the set from OOO «Olvex Diagnosticum», Russia (Cat. No. 019.002). The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was determined using the set of reagents «Sentinel», Milano, Italy (Cat. No. 17005) on the biochemical analyzer StatFaks 04, the USA. The activity of the regulatory enzyme of glycolysis, hexokinase, was determined by staining the probe using the set of reagents from «Sigma-Aldrich» (St. Louis, MO, USA) (Cat. No. MAK091) on the MULTISCAN spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Vantaa, Finland). The immunoenzyme method of «sandwich» type was used to determine the amount of transketolase (Human SimpleSep ELISA Kit “Abcam”, Waltham, MA, USA; Cat. No. ab187398) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β, (ELISA kit “Puda Scientific”, WUHAN, China; cat. No. PD-H7862E); optical density was registered at 450 nm on the MULTISCAN spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Vantaa, Finland).
The results were corrected to 1 g of protein which was determined by the Lowry method with a set of reagents from OOO «Firma Syntacon»,Saint Petersburg, Russia.

The Ech release from solutions with carrageenan in vitro was measured using a dialysis method. Ech was dissolved in solutions of carrageenans at different ratios (5:1; 10:1 and 50:1) and placed into dialysis bags (3500 Da). The bags were then placed into 50 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solutions (pH 1.1) simulating the conditions of the human stomach [44 (link)]. The Ech release through the membrane into the acidic medium was determined under stirring with an MS01 magnetic stirrer (ELMI Ltd., Riga, Latvia) at a rotation speed of 100 rpm. After an hour, the medium was changed and Ech was extracted using 15 mL of chloroform. The chloroform was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in 10 mL of acidified ethanol (1 mL of 1 M HCl was added to 100 mL of ethanol). The release of Ech was assayed using a Shimadzu UV mini-1240 spectrophotometer (Japan) with an absorption wavelength of 470 nm. The concentration of Ech was calculated by interpolation from a calibration curve containing increasing concentrations of Ech. All experiments were performed in triplicate.