Carrageenan solution

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Brazil

Carrageenan solution is a viscous liquid derived from red seaweed. It is commonly used as a thickening, stabilizing, and gelling agent in various industrial and research applications.

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Carrageenan (303 citations)

5 protocols using carrageenan solution

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Potential

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The rats were split into four groups (n=10) pretreated, respectively, with 1 ml/kg of sterile saline solution (control group), carrageenan 1% (control group), 10 mg/kg BW of indomethacin as a standard group, and 200mg/kg of Ml EtOAcF [22 (link)]. Paw oedema was induced [23 (link)] by subcutaneous injection of 50μl of 1% w/v carrageenan solution (type IV Sigma Chemical Company, USA) into the foot pad of the right hind paw after one hour of intraperitoneal injection of plant extract and drug. The paw oedema thickness was measured at hourly interval (from 0 hour up to 5 hours) using a caliper and compared with the control group [24 (link)]. The drug efficiency and carrageenan induced oedema were estimated using the following formula:

\begin{matrix} % inhibition oedema = \frac{T - T 0}{T} \times 100 \end{matrix}

where T represents the paw thickness in the control group and T0 the paw oedema thickness in the test compound treated group.
Five hours after the carrageenan administration, the animals were anesthetized and the biopsies from the subplantar muscles of all groups of rats were collected for the paws histological examination.

Zouari-Bouassida K., Trigui M., Makni S., Jlaiel L, & Tounsi S. (2018). Seasonal Variation in Essential Oils Composition and the Biological and Pharmaceutical Protective Effects of Mentha longifolia Leaves Grown in Tunisia. BioMed Research International, 2018, 7856517.

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Anti-inflammatory Activity Evaluation of Compounds

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Carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema test was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the selected compounds (4a,b, 7c, 13 b, and 14c) as previously reported¹³ (link)^,¹⁴ (link)^,³⁴ (link)^,³⁵ (link).
The rats were divided into nine groups (n = 5/group). All tested compounds were suspended in 1% Tween-80. Group 1, controls, were given the vehicle (1% Tween80, 10 ml/kg). The remaining groups each received one of the selected compounds (50 mg/kg) or one of the three reference drugs ibuprofen (20 mg/kg), indomethacin (20 mg/kg) or celecoxib (50 mg/kg). The rats were given the drugs 1 h before the injection of carrageenan solution (1% in 0.9% NaCl, 0.1 ml) (Sigma Aldrich, USA) in the sub-planter tissue of the right hind paw. The paw thickness (mm) was measured using a calliper before (0 h) and after carrageenan injection at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 24 h. The inhibition of oedema thickness was calculated using the following formula (control– drug/control) × 100.

Sakr A., Rezq S., Ibrahim S.M., Soliman E., Baraka M.M., Romero D.G, & Kothayer H. (2021). Design and synthesis of novel quinazolinones conjugated ibuprofen, indole acetamide, or thioacetohydrazide as selective COX-2 inhibitors: anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticancer activities. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 36(1), 1810-1828.

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Carrageenan-Induced Paw Inflammation Model

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Paw inflammation was induced with an intraplantar injection of carrageenan. Carrageenan solution (50 μL, 1% wt/vol in saline; Sigma-Aldrich) was freshly prepared on the day of the experiment, and injected into the plantar surface of the left hind paw using a microsyringe with a 30 gauge, ½ inch needle (Hamilton Company, Reno, NV) 4 hours before CST trials. Naïve saline controls were injected with an equal volume of saline at that time (Sigma-Aldrich). Ibuprofen was IP injected 30 min before CST trials. Ibuprofen-Carrageenan mice were injected to a final concentration of 30 mg/kg.

Ozdemir Y., Nakamoto K., Boivin B., Bullock D., Andrews N.A., González-Cano R, & Costigan M. (2024). Quantification of stimulus-evoked tactile allodynia in free moving mice by the chainmail sensitivity test. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1352464.

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Carrageenan-Induced Leukocyte Recruitment

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Mice were randomly distributed into twelve groups (n = 5/group). In order to evaluate the effect of CE and fractions on leukocyte recruitment into the peritoneal cavity, the mice were orally pre-treated with a vehicle (0.9% saline solution)/carrageenan group, CE or Fractions (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), or Diclofenac (10 mg/kg). After 30 min, 0.25 ml of a 1% carrageenan solution (Sigma-Aldrich, São Paulo, Brazil) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected. The sham group received a vehicle (1 mL water/10 g, p.o) and a 0.9% sterile saline solution intraperitoneal injection (0.1 mL/10 g) [11 (link)]. Then, the mice were euthanized 4 h later with an overdose of 90 mg/kg sodium thiopental. Three mL of saline solution was then injected into each abdominal cavity and peritoneal fluid was collected and diluted (1:20) in Turk’s solution. A total leukocyte count was performed for each sample with a Neubauer counting chamber. The samples were stored at − 80 °C for subsequent analyses of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione levels.

Falcão T.R., de Araújo A.A., Soares L.A., de Moraes Ramos R.T., Bezerra I.C., Ferreira M.R., de Souza Neto M.A., Melo M.C., de Araújo RF J.r., de Aguiar Guerra A.C., de Medeiros J.S, & Guerra G.C. (2018). Crude extract and fractions from Eugenia uniflora Linn leaves showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18, 84.

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Carrageenan-Induced Peritoneal Inflammation

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Carrageenan-induced peritoniael inflammation was performed as previously described [19 ]. Mice were randomized into nine groups (n = 5/group): orally pretreated with a vehicle (0.9% saline solution)/carrageenan (C) group, diclofenac at a dose of 10 mg/kg (D), CE, CE20, CE40, CE60, CE80, EAF, and AqF at the doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, or 200 mg/kg. Thirty minutes later, the mice received 0.25 ml of 1% carrageenan solution (Sigma Aldrich, São Paulo, Brazil) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. A vehicle (1 ml water/10 g, p.o) and a 0.9% sterile saline solution were intraperitoneally injected in the saline (S) group (0.1 ml/10 g) [19 ]. Four hours later, the mice were intraperitoneally anesthetized with thiopental. Peritoneal exsudate was collected by peritoneal lavage with 3 ml saline solution and used for cell counting in the Neubauer chamber. The samples were then centrifuged at 10,000 for 10 min at 4°C and the supernatant was stored at -80°C for analyses of myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and for evaluation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione levels.

Falcão T.R., de Araújo A.A., Soares L.A., de Farias I.B., da Silva W.A., Ferreira M.R., de Araújo Jr R.F., de Medeiros J.S., Lopes M.L, & Guerra G.C. (2019). Libidibia ferrea Fruit Crude Extract and Fractions Show Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antinociceptive Effect In Vivo and Increase Cell Viability In Vitro. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2019, 6064805.

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