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15 protocols using ab9829

1

Immunofluorescence and IHC Staining of Skin Samples

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Lesional skin biopsy specimens from AD patients or OXA-induced mouse tissue specimens were fixed with a 12% formaldehyde solution and embedded in paraffin. For immunofluorescence staining, cells or skin biopsy specimens were incubated with the corresponding primary antibodies at 4°C overnight as follows: anti-K17 (1:1000; ab53707; Abcam), anti-CCL20 (1:300; ab9829; Abcam), anti-CD3 (1:500; ab16669; Abcam), anti-CD4 (1:500; ab183685; Abcam), anti-CD8 (1:500; ab22378; Abcam), anti-STAT3 (1:500; #124H6; Cell Signaling Technology) and anti-p-STAT3 (1:100; #9145; Cell Signaling Technology). After three washes with PBS, Cy3- or fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:200; BioLegend) were added, and Hoechst 33258 (Solarbio Technology, Beijing, China) was applied to label the nuclei. Samples were detected by a confocal microscope (LSM880; Carl Zeiss). For IHC staining, samples were incubated with 0.3% H2O2 for 10 min prior to staining with the corresponding primary antibodies: anti-K17 (1:1000; ab53707; Abcam) and anti-CCL20 (1:300; ab9829; Abcam) at 4°C overnight. Sections were subsequently incubated with an HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse/rabbit antibody (CoWin Biosciences) for 1 h at room temperature. 3,3’-Diaminobenzidine (Gene Tech, Shanghai, China) was used to detect biotinylated antibodies.
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of PCa Biomarkers

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Assays were performed as previously reported [20 (link)]. In brief, for the IF experiment, cells were incubated with primary antibodies against CCL20 (1:200, #ab9829) (Abcam) at 4 °C overnight, then incubated with the fluorescent secondary antibody Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Cell Signaling Technology) and imaged using a fluorescence microscope (DM5000B, Leica). For IHC, the paraffin sections were incubated with antibodies against CCL20 (1:200, #ab9829) (Abcam). Intensity scores were recorded as: 0 (no staining), 1 (weakly staining, light yellow), 2 (moderately staining, yellowish brown), and 3 (strongly staining, brown). In addition, we also detected the expression of ki67 (1:1000, #9449), CD68 (1:200, #97778), CD163 (1:400, #93498), CD206 (1:200, #24595) and CD31 (1:100, #77699) (Cell Signaling Technology) in PCa tissue or xenograft tissue. Images were observed under an Olympus multifunction microscope (Olympus BX51, Tokyo, Japan). All evaluations were performed by three independent senior pathologists using the same microscope.
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of PCa Biomarkers

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Assays were performed as previously reported [20 (link)]. In brief, for the IF experiment, cells were incubated with primary antibodies against CCL20 (1:200, #ab9829) (Abcam) at 4 °C overnight, then incubated with the fluorescent secondary antibody Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (Cell Signaling Technology) and imaged using a fluorescence microscope (DM5000B, Leica). For IHC, the paraffin sections were incubated with antibodies against CCL20 (1:200, #ab9829) (Abcam). Intensity scores were recorded as: 0 (no staining), 1 (weakly staining, light yellow), 2 (moderately staining, yellowish brown), and 3 (strongly staining, brown). In addition, we also detected the expression of ki67 (1:1000, #9449), CD68 (1:200, #97778), CD163 (1:400, #93498), CD206 (1:200, #24595) and CD31 (1:100, #77699) (Cell Signaling Technology) in PCa tissue or xenograft tissue. Images were observed under an Olympus multifunction microscope (Olympus BX51, Tokyo, Japan). All evaluations were performed by three independent senior pathologists using the same microscope.
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4

Neutralizing CCL20 Signaling Inhibition

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We obtained recombinant human (rh)CCL20 from R&D Systems. The antibody against CCL20 (#ab9829, Abcam) was applied to the neutralizing antibody. The MEK inhibitor U0126 (Cell Signaling Technology) was obtained for blockage of ERK phosphorylation.
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5

Histopathological Analysis of Intestinal Tissue in EPS-R1 Treated Mice

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The jejunum and ileum were obtained from the BALB/c WT mice ingested with or without EPS-R1 (25 μg/mL) for 6 days (n = 4) and analyzed histopathologically blinded by two pathologists using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Colon26 or 4T1 tumor cells were inoculated in the left flank of mice. Tumor masses were harvested on day 15, fixed in 10% formaldehyde neutral buffer solution (Wako), and then embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections were incubated with rabbit anti-CCL20 polyclonal Ab (5.0 μg/mL; ab9829, Abcam) or rabbit immunoglobulin fraction (Dako) as the control. CCL20 was detected by Histostar (Rb) for Mouse tissue (Medical and Biological Laboratories) for manual immunostaining by using a Super Sensitive DAB (BioGenex). Finally, sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. All samples were scanned in an All-in-One Fluorescence Microscope (BZ-X810, Keyence). The histologic examination was supported by Advantec Co., Ltd. and New Histo Science Laboratory.
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6

Immunofluorescence Characterization of Cell Markers

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Cells were fixed with precooled methanol and subsequently incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against CCL20 (1:200, #ab9829, Abcam), mouse monoclonal antibody against CD163 (1:200, #ab156769, Abcam), rabbit polyclonal antibody against CCR6 (1:100, #ab78429, Abcam), and mouse monoclonal antibody against E-cadherin (1:400, #610181, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). The cells and tissues were then incubated with AlexaFluor-488®-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody and Cy3-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA) at room temperature for 1 h. The nuclei were stained with DAPI (Wako). All images were obtained using Zeiss LSM 700 laser-scanning microscope and analyzed using the LSM software ZEN 2009 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Additionally, the tissue specimens were morphologically evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining.
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7

Histological Assessment of Liver Damage

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The grade of liver damage was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome stains of PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded livers. Liver damage was graded using a scoring system as in [27 (link)]. The histological features taken into account were steatosis (0–3), lobular inflammation (0–3), and fibrosis grade (0–3).
Analysis of cytokines in plasma: Plasma was obtained in vials containing EDTA and stored at −80 °C. TNF-a in plasma was measured using an ELISA kit from eBioscience (Waltham, MA, USA). All other cytokines in plasma were analyzed by Western blot. Primary antibodies used were against IL-17 (ab79056), IL-4 (ab9811), IL-10 (ab9969), and CCl20 (ab9829) 1:1000 from Abcam; TGF-β (PA5-99186) 1:1000, CX3CL1 (14-7986) 1:1000, and CCl5 (710001) 1:500 from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA); IL-6 (ARC0062) 1:500 from BioSource (San Diego, CA, USA); IL-15 (1829R) 1:200 from BIOSS (Woburn, MA, USA); IFN-γ (MAB5851) 1:1000 from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA); and CCl2 (66272) 1:1000 from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA). Secondary antibodies (1:4000) were IgGs conjugated with alkaline phosphatase (Sigma, Madrid, Spain). The images were captured using a Hewlett Packard ScanJet 5300C and band intensities were quantified using AlphaImager 2200 software.
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8

Evaluating the Role of CCL20 in Prostate Cancer Progression

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CCK-8, EDU, colony formation, scratch assay, transwell migration, and invasion assays were performed as previously reported [20 (link)]. Specifically, for cell proliferation assays, stably transfected PCa cells were treated with the conditioned medium (CM) from TAMs (co-cultured with PCa cells), human recombinant CCL20 protein (rh-CCL20, 20 ng/ml, #0511102, Peprotech) and neutralizing antibody to CCL20 (anti-CCL20, 5 μg/ml; ab9829, Abcam). The cell proliferative rate was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CK-04, Dojindo). For tumor cell migration assays, the stable cells lines treated with or without 5 μg/ml CCL20 neutralizing antibody were seeded in the upper chambers; the lower chambers were filled with medium containing 10% FBS with or without 20 ng/ml CCL20 recombinant protein. In addition, the CM of TAMs was placed in the lower chamber and used as an attractor for PCa cell migration and invasion experiments.
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9

Antibody-Based Targeting of CCL20/MIP-3α Pathway

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Recombinant human (rh) CCL20/macrophage inflammatory protein 3 (MIP‐3) alpha antibody (MAB360‐100) was purchased from R&D Systems. The primary antibodies used in neutralizing, western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays were as follows: for WB, rabbit anti‐MIP‐3 alpha antibody (ab9829; Abcam), rabbit anti‐CCR6 antibody‐N‐terminal (ab137369; Abcam), rabbit anti‐AR antibody (ab133273), and rabbit anti‐Snail (3879 S; Cell Signaling Technology); for IHC, rabbit Snail antibody (GTX100754; Gene Tex); and rabbit phospho‐AKT (pAKT) antibody (Ser473; 9271 S; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit AKT antibody (9272 S; Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti‐GAPDH antibody (60004‐1‐Ig; ProteinTech), mouse Ki‐67 antibody (M7248; Agilent Technologies), and rabbit endomucin antibody (14–5851‐82; Thermo Fisher Scientific). HRP‐conjugated anti‐rabbit IgG antibody (7074 S) and HRP‐conjugated anti‐mouse IgG antibody (01803–44) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology and Nacalai Tesque, respectively.
We purchased the AKT inhibitor AZD5363 (S8019) from Selleck Chemicals and the CCR6 inhibitor 1 (HY‐112701) from Med Chem Express. Both drugs were solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (D4540; Sigma‐Aldrich).
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10

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Immune Markers

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Paraffin-embedded blocks were cut into 4-μm thick sections. The dewaxed and hydrated tissue sections were incubated with anti-PU.1 (Abcam, ab88082), anti-CD23 (Abcam, ab254162), anti-p-ERK (Abcam, ab229912), anti-CCL20 (Abcam, ab9829) and anti-IL-8 (Abcam, ab18672) antibodies for 2 h at room temperature and subsequently incubated with a goat-anti-rabbit antibody for 40 min. The degree of staining was determined with diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen (Bio-Rad, Inc., CA, USA) and detected with a microscope (Olympus, Japan).
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