Organic acids were determined by ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC, Shimadzu 20A series, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) coupled with a photodiode array detector (PDA), which used 215 nm and 245 nm as preferred wavelengths. Samples were subjected to metaphosphoric acid extraction, as previously described by Barros, Pereira and Ferreira [22 ]. A SphereClone (Phenomenex, Hauppauge, NY, USA) reverse phase C18 column (5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm i.d) was used at 35 °C to perform the chromatographic separation and the mobile phase used was sulphuric acid at 3.6 mM using a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Quantification of organic acids was done by comparing the area of their peaks with the commercial standards of each compound, using LabSolutions Multi LC-PDA software (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). Quantification was achieved by comparing the area of organic acid peaks from the different samples with calibration curves obtained from commercial standards. The results were expressed in g 100 g−1 of DW.
20a series
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The 20A series lab equipment from Shimadzu is a high-performance analytical instrument designed for various laboratory applications. It offers precise and reliable measurement capabilities for a range of analytical tasks.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Labsolutions multi lc pda software, by Shimadzu (4 mentions)
Smartline system 1000, by Knauer (3 mentions)
Sphereclone, by Phenomenex (2 mentions)
Citric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Succinic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fumaric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Malic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Oxalic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quinic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
C18 column, by Phenomenex (2 mentions)
Uflc pda, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
Smartline 2300, by Knauer (2 mentions)
Sphereclone reverse phase c18 column, by Phenomenex (1 mentions)
Shikimic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulphuric acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
D glucose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D fructose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D sucrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Shikinic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
23 protocols using 20a series
1
Quantification of Organic Acids by UFLC-PDA
2
Organic Acids Identification and Quantification
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Organic acids were identified and quantified by ultra-fast liquid chromatography (Shimadzu 20A series, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) coupled to a diode-array detector operating in the conditions described by Barros et al. 23 The results were recorded and processed using LabSolutions Multi LC-PDA software (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan).
3
Macroalgae Nutritional Analysis
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According to the AOAC methods [38] , protein, fat, carbohydrates and ash contents were determined on the three selected macroalgae species. Total carbohydrates were calculated by difference and energetic value was calculated using Equation (1):
The organic acids content of the three macroalgae samples was determined using an Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC, Shimadzu 20A series, Kyoto, Japan) coupled to a photodiode array detector [39] . A SphereClone reverse phase C18 column (5 µm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) was used for separation at 35 • C. The mobile phase was sulfuric acid 3.6 mM at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. To quantify the compounds, calibration curves plotted using commercial standards (L-(+)-ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, shikimic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and quinic acid) procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) were used. All tests were carried out in duplicate, expressed in terms of mean ± standard deviation (SD) and expressed in g per 100 g of dry weight (dw).
The organic acids content of the three macroalgae samples was determined using an Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC, Shimadzu 20A series, Kyoto, Japan) coupled to a photodiode array detector [39] . A SphereClone reverse phase C18 column (5 µm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) was used for separation at 35 • C. The mobile phase was sulfuric acid 3.6 mM at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. To quantify the compounds, calibration curves plotted using commercial standards (L-(+)-ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, shikimic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid and quinic acid) procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) were used. All tests were carried out in duplicate, expressed in terms of mean ± standard deviation (SD) and expressed in g per 100 g of dry weight (dw).
4
Quantification of Organic Acids in Produce
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Organic acids were analyzed in an ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) system (Shimadzu 20A series, Kyoto, Japan) coupled to a photodiode array detector, following analytical procedures previously described by the authors [19 ]. The extraction was performed with meta-phosphoric acid for 45 min. Separation was achieved in reverse phase on a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm; Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). The compounds detected at 215 nm were identified and quantified (g/100 g of fw and dw) based on the peak areas and standard calibration curves.
5
Quantification of Organic Acids in Cardoon
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For organic acids identification, cardoon samples were analyzed by Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography (UPLC, Shimadzu 20A series, Kyoto, Japan) coupled to a Diode Array Detector (UFLC-PDA, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan), according to the chromatographic conditions previously described by Mandim et al. [36] (link). The identification was performed using the LabSolutions Multi LC-PDA software (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) and through the comparison of the chromatographic data (retention times and spectra) with commercial standards (oxalic, quinic, malic, ascorbic, citric, and fumaric acids), while their respective calibration curves were used for the quantification based on the area of each peak. Results were presented in g per 100 g of dw.
6
Quantification of Organic Acids in Samples
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Organic acids were determined following the procedure previously described [29] (link). The samples were analyzed by Ultrafast Liquid Chromatography (UPLC, Shimadzu 20A series, Kyoto, Japan) coupled to a Diode Array Detector (UFLC-PDA, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). Data were analyzed using the LabSolutions Multi LC-PDA software (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). The identification was accomplished through the comparison of the retention times and the spectra obtained to the commercial standards (oxalic, quinic, malic, ascorbic, citric and fumaric acids), and their respective calibration curves were used to determine the quantity based on the area of the peaks. Results were expressed in g per 100 g of dw.
7
Organic Acids Analysis by UFLC
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Organic acids were analysed using UFLC (Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography; Shimadzu 20A series, Kyoto, Japan) and a photo-diode array detector, as previously optimized and described by Pereira et al. [40 (link)]. The results were presented as mg/100 g of fw.
8
UFLC Analysis of Organic Acids
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Organic acids analysis was performed in a Shimadzu 20A series (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan), determined by Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC), following the methodology previously described by Pereira et al. (2013) (link). A SphereClone (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) reverse phase C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) thermostated at 35 • C was used to achieve the separation. Sulphuric acid (3.6 mM, acquired at Fisher Scientific Lisbon, Portugal) at 0.8 mL/min flow rate was used to perform the elution. The detection was carried out by a photodiode array detector (PDA) at 215 nm as preferred wavelength. Organic acids peaks of calibration curves obtained from commercial standards (acquired from Sigma St Louis, Missouri, USA) were used to quantify the detected compounds. Results were expressed in mg per g of plant dry weight (dw).
9
Quantification of Organic Acids in Bael Extract
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The BEs were redissolved to 6 mg/mL in metaphosphoric acid, filtered through 0.2-μm syringe filters, with analysis in an ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC) system (Shimadzu 20A series, Kyoto, Japan) coupled to a photodiode array (PDA) detector as previously described [19 (link)]. Chromatographic separation was achieved in reverse phase on a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm; Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA). Detection was done on PDA at 215 and 245 nm. The detected compounds were identified by chromatographic comparisons with standards and quantified (g/100 g BE) by interpolating the peak areas in calibration curves (r2 ≥ 0.994) constructed with oxalic acid (y = 9 × 106x + 377.946; LOD = 12.55 µg/mL; LOQ = 41.82 µg/mL), quinic acid (y = 612.327x + 16.563; LOD = 24.18 µg/mL; LOQ = 80.61 µg/mL) and malic acid (y = 912.441x + 92.665; LOD = 35.76 µg/mL; LOQ = 119.18 µg/mL) standards acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA).
10
Analysis of Sugars and Organic Acids
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The chemical composition, encompassing free sugars and organic acids was evaluated following procedures previously described by Barros et al. [20 (link)].
Free sugars were analyzed by HPLC coupled to a refraction index detector (Knauer, Smartline system 1000). The compounds were identified by chromatographic comparisons with authentic standards (D(−)-fructose, D(+)-sucrose, D(+)-glucose, D(+)-trehalose, and D(+)-raffinose pentahydrate) which were purchased at Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), as also melezitose (PanReac AppliChem ITW Reagents Co., Darmstadt, Germany) which was applied as the internal standard (IS) and used in the quantification method. Data was analyzed using Clarity 2.4 software (DataApex, Podohradska, Czech Republic), and the results were expressed in g/100 g fw.
Organic acids were evaluated using an Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC, Shimadzu 20A series, Kyoto, Japan) coupled to a diode array detector. Organic acids standards (L(+)-ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, shikinic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for identification by performing chromatographic comparisons with the peaks of the samples. These standards were also used for quantification relying on the external standard methodology. Results were expressed g/100 g fw.
Free sugars were analyzed by HPLC coupled to a refraction index detector (Knauer, Smartline system 1000). The compounds were identified by chromatographic comparisons with authentic standards (D(−)-fructose, D(+)-sucrose, D(+)-glucose, D(+)-trehalose, and D(+)-raffinose pentahydrate) which were purchased at Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), as also melezitose (PanReac AppliChem ITW Reagents Co., Darmstadt, Germany) which was applied as the internal standard (IS) and used in the quantification method. Data was analyzed using Clarity 2.4 software (DataApex, Podohradska, Czech Republic), and the results were expressed in g/100 g fw.
Organic acids were evaluated using an Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC, Shimadzu 20A series, Kyoto, Japan) coupled to a diode array detector. Organic acids standards (L(+)-ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, shikinic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used for identification by performing chromatographic comparisons with the peaks of the samples. These standards were also used for quantification relying on the external standard methodology. Results were expressed g/100 g fw.
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