materials that were purchased from commercial sources were used without
any further purification. All 1H NMR were obtained on a
Varian mercury spectrometer (400 MHz), and chemical shifts are reported
relative to the residual solvent peak of CD3CN (δ
1.94). Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra were obtained on
a Varian 1200L mass spectrometer at the Environmental Research Training
Laboratory (ERTL) at the University of Kentucky. The UV/vis absorption
spectra were obtained on a BMG Labtech FLUOstar Omega microplate reader.
Light activation experiments were performed using a 470 nm LED array
from Elixa (for photochemistry and DNA gels) or with >450 nm light
using the Indigo LED (for cytotoxicity experiments). The Prism software
package was used to analyze the data.