The experiment took place on the stage of a black-box performance laboratory, where the actors performed the tasks facing an empty audience. The experimenter was located in a control room behind the audience section, and the actors could not see him while performing. The 3D motion-capture recordings of the actors’ facial expressions and body gestures were acquired using a Qualisys motion capture system. Sixteen Qualisys Oqus 7 infrared cameras were used to track marker movement in 3D at a sampling rate of 120 Hz. The participants were equipped with 61 passive markers that were placed on key landmarks on their face and body to provide bilateral full-body coverage (20 markers on the face, 37 on the torso and limbs, and 4 on the head via a cap). For the face, marker placement was chosen to correspond to the general locations of key facial AUs (e.g., AUs 1, 2, and 4 for the upper face, and AUs 11, 12, 23, 26, and 27 for the lower face; see the studies by Barrett et al. (2019) (link) and Rosenberg & Ekman (2020)) .
Motion capture system
Manufactured by Qualisys
Sourced in Sweden
The Qualisys motion capture system is a high-precision optical tracking solution designed for a wide range of motion analysis applications. It utilizes multiple synchronized cameras to capture the three-dimensional movement of markers or other tracked objects with high accuracy and sampling rates.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Fp4060 08, by Bertec (2 mentions)
Fp4060 10, by Bertec (2 mentions)
Oqus 7 infrared cameras, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Matlab 7, by MathWorks (1 mentions)
Instrumented treadmill, by Bertec (1 mentions)
Track manager qtm, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Usb analog acquisition interface, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Track manager software, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Wireless emg system, by Noraxon (1 mentions)
Oqus 300 cameras, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Proreflex mcu240, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
25 protocols using motion capture system
1
Facial and Bodily Expressions in Black-Box Performance
2
Ankle Biomechanics in Chronic Ankle Instability
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Anthropometric data were evaluated with a balance – Seca® 760 (1 kg accuracy), and a stadiometer - Seca® 222 (1 mm accuracy). Dorsiflexion range of motion was assessed with a fluid-filled inclinometer with 1° increments (MIE Medical Research Ltd, Leeks, UK) (Rabin et al., 2015 (link)). The Ankle Instability Instrument was designed to classify individuals with CAI and has been shown to be a reliable and valid tool (Docherty et al., 2006 (link); Silva et al., 2018 ). The values of the vertical component of ground reaction forces (Fz) were used to identify the contact period of the foot with the artificial grass and were acquired using two force plates at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz (FP4060-08 and FP4060-10 models from Bertec Corporation (USA), connected to a Bertec AM 6300 amplifier and to an analogue board, from Qualisys, Inc., Sweden) (Silva et al., 2017a ). The Qualisys motion capture system (four cameras Oqus 1) with an acquiring frequency of 100 Hz was also used to analyse the distance travelled by a marker placed at the calcaneus. The platforms were covered by the 3rd generation artificial grass carpet consisting of polyethylene/polypropylene filaments of 40-65 mm and filled with silica and rubber (Sterzing et al., 2010 ). Qualisys Track Manager software, 2.7 version, was used for analysis.
3
Elderly Balance Posture and Reaction Time
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The experimental data is part of a larger project collected in the Human Health and Performance Lab at Luleå the University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden [43 , 46 (link), 47 (link)]. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The study design was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Umeå, Sweden (ref no. 2015-182-31) and was organized according to the 1964 Helsinki declaration.
Ten subjects were chosen from a larger study [46 (link)] where community-dwelling elderly who have a critical balance posture were selected with a mean age of 75.2(±4.5) years. The Center Of Pressure (COP) data was collected by a force plate with a sampling frequency of 3000Hz, while the subjects were asked to stand still and look straight at the fixed point. In order to measure the total time delay subjects did a reaction time test where they had to press the bottom when they received the visual and audio signals as fast as possible. The experiment was repeated for five trials. The angular position of the joints was collected by a Qualisys Motion Capture System with eight cameras and a 200 Hz sampling rate. The experiment to measure reaction time is explained in detail in [47 (link)].
Ten subjects were chosen from a larger study [46 (link)] where community-dwelling elderly who have a critical balance posture were selected with a mean age of 75.2(±4.5) years. The Center Of Pressure (COP) data was collected by a force plate with a sampling frequency of 3000Hz, while the subjects were asked to stand still and look straight at the fixed point. In order to measure the total time delay subjects did a reaction time test where they had to press the bottom when they received the visual and audio signals as fast as possible. The experiment was repeated for five trials. The angular position of the joints was collected by a Qualisys Motion Capture System with eight cameras and a 200 Hz sampling rate. The experiment to measure reaction time is explained in detail in [47 (link)].
4
Reaching Movements with Cylindrical Objects
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A cylindrical object was placed on the edge and midline of a height-adjustable table. Two object sizes were used: small (3 cm in diameter) and large (7 cm in diameter). Both objects were 1.4 cm high and weighed almost the same (small: 20.9 g; large: 21.5 g). Starting positions were set on the right side of the object and lay at near (20 cm) and far (40 cm) distances away from the object (Figure 1(a) and (b) ).
A motion capture system (Qualisys AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) with six cameras and a connected personal computer was used to capture the three-dimensional movements of 0.4 cm diameter reflective markers with infrared-reflecting spheres. Three markers were separately attached to the thumbnail, index fingernail, and the third metacarpal base of each participant’s right hand. Three extra markers were attached to the object to detect its movements. The cameras use diodes on the front to emit invisible infrared flashes to illuminate the reflective markers, and thus are able to capture the spatial positions of markers. The sampling rate of the cameras was set at 70 Hz. The captured data in the computer were processed using Qualisys Track Manager software and then exported to a numerical computing software (Matlab 7.1; Mathworks, Natick, MA) for kinematic calculation.
A motion capture system (Qualisys AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) with six cameras and a connected personal computer was used to capture the three-dimensional movements of 0.4 cm diameter reflective markers with infrared-reflecting spheres. Three markers were separately attached to the thumbnail, index fingernail, and the third metacarpal base of each participant’s right hand. Three extra markers were attached to the object to detect its movements. The cameras use diodes on the front to emit invisible infrared flashes to illuminate the reflective markers, and thus are able to capture the spatial positions of markers. The sampling rate of the cameras was set at 70 Hz. The captured data in the computer were processed using Qualisys Track Manager software and then exported to a numerical computing software (Matlab 7.1; Mathworks, Natick, MA) for kinematic calculation.
5
Functional Movement Assessment in Injury
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The following tasks were used, with tasks 1 to 4 included in the first study4 (link) and task 5 added in the present study: (1) SLS, (2) stair descending, (3) forward lunge (FL), (4) SLHD, and (5) SH. Each participant performed all tasks on the injured leg, using shoes, at 1 occasion. Up to 3 practice trials were permitted for each task. A video camera (1920 × 1080 pixels; 30 Hz; Qualisys motion capture system, Gothenburg, Sweden) recorded the execution of the tasks in the frontal plane.
6
Comprehensive Gait Analysis during Treadmill Walking
7
Accurate Motion Capture for Shoulder Analysis
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A Qualisys motion capture system with eight high-speed cameras with a frequency of 120 Hz was used to record the movement of the shoulders. Static and dynamic calibration of Qualisys was done before recording the motion data. Qualisys system could determine the setup and direction of the visible space of each camera and reduce the lens error. The error magnitude in the motion analysis system was less than 1 millimeter for each camera. The data gathered were labeled by QTM software (version 2.17) and exported in C3D format. Mokka (version 0.6) was used to convert the data into TRC format, which OpenSim could read.
8
Analyzing Center of Mass Mechanics
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Ground reaction forces (GRF) and respective torques were used to assess the external mechanical work on the centre of mass (WCOM). The kinetic data were collected using two force platforms (FP4060-08 and FP4060-10 models from Bertec Corporation, Columbus, OH, USA), placed in series near the midpoint of the walkway and connected to a Bertec amplifier AM 6300 at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. The capture hardware was connected to the Qualisys Motion Capture System analogue board.
9
Determining Orientation of Submerged Rods
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While the use of a single transducer was sufficient to detect the position of a rod, it is insufficient for determining the orientation of the rod. For this, one needs a minimum of two transducers vertically positioned at the same wall. In our study, two transducers were placed above and below the slot (Fig 5 ). Qualisys motion capture system calculated a distance of l = 63.2 mm from reflective markers placed on the transducers (Figs 5 and 6 ). The angular position of the rod was randomly adjusted in the water bath, and supported by a guide. A total of 18 trials were performed. D1 and D2 were determined via the ultrasound system (Fig 5 ). Thereafter, angle of rotation α is calculated as:
Results calculated from ultrasound were then compared with angles determined by the Qualisys system.
Results calculated from ultrasound were then compared with angles determined by the Qualisys system.
10
Multimodal Synchronization in Musical Ensembles
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Movement data were collected with a Qualisys motion capture system equipped with seven cameras. Violinists and conductors each wore a cap with three passive markers of the Qualisys motion capture system (positioned at Pz, F3, and F4 in the 10–20 electroencephalographic system), and another marker was placed on the tip of their bow and the conductors’ baton. The stability of the cap and the bow was ensured prior to the experimentation. Data tracking was done by the Qualisys Track Manager software, with a sampling rate of 100 Hz. An audio recording of the ensemble was also collected to provide the motor performances with a musical timeline of reference. Synchronized recording and storing of audio and motion capture data was performed by the EyesWeb XMI platform.
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