Raman spectroscopy experiments were performed with an Andor SR-500i with a wavelength of 532 nm, acquisition time of approximately 100 seconds per sample-area. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were performed with an Escalab 250Xi (see ESI
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed on a CHI660A workstation (Chenhua Instrument Co. Ltd., China) in a conventional three-electrode system. A modified electrode, a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) and platinum wire were employed as the working, reference and counter electrode, respectively. EIS measurements were performed in 5 mmol L−1 K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6] aqueous solution with 0.1 mol L−1 KCl as the supporting electrolyte in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 100 kHz.
Potassium-hexacyanoferrate(