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Anti activated caspase 3

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Anti-activated caspase-3 is a laboratory reagent used for the detection of activated caspase-3, a key executioner protein involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death). It is a specific antibody that binds to the cleaved (activated) form of caspase-3.

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19 protocols using anti activated caspase 3

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Olfactory Tissue

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Mice were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1% phosphate buffer and post-fixed for 24 h in the same fixative. The head tissue, including the cochlea, OE, and olfactory bulb (OB), was decalcified with 10% EDTA solution, pH 7.0, and embedded in paraffin. Coronal sections were cut at 4 μm thickness and mounted on silane-coated slides. Deparaffinized sections were autoclaved at 121 °C for 20 min in Target Retrieval Solution (S1700; Dako) for antigen retrieval. Immunohistochemistry was performed with the following antibodies: anti-olfactory marker protein (OMP, goat polyclonal, 1:2000 dilution; Wako Chemicals), anti-NQO1 (rabbit polyclonal, 1:300; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-activated caspase-3 (rabbit polyclonal, 1:300; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Ki67 (mouse monoclonal, 1:300; BD Biosciences), anti-c-fos (rabbit polyclonal, 1:50; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-MnSOD (rabbit monoclonal, 1:100; Epitomics Inc.), and anti-8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, goat polyclonal antibody, 1:100; Alpha Diagnostic International Inc.). Immunoreactivity was detected using the following antibodies in the Histofine Simple StainMAX-PO secondary antibody system (Nichirei) according to the manufacturers’ instructions, donkey anti-goat Alexa Fluor 488 (1:100; Invitrogen), and donkey anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 594 (1:100; Invitrogen), incubated for 1 h at room temperature.
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2

Comprehensive Immunoblotting Approach

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Western immunoblots were run as described previously 21 (link). Primary antibodies and their sources were as follows. Anti-total p53, anti-cyclin B1, anti-Bax, anti-Bcl-2, anti-CDK1, anti-phospho-CDK1, anti-activated caspase 8, anti-activated caspase 9, and anti-activated caspase 3 were from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-ZIKV Env monoclonal antibody was purchased from Zoongen Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). Anti-p21Cip1/Waf1 and anti-6×His tag was from Abcam. Anti-β-actin and the secondary antibodies horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG and anti-rabbit IgG were from Sigma-Aldrich. Anti-goat IgG was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.
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3

Quantifying Otic Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis

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Embryos were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, 0.1% Tween-20 overnight; washed with phosphate-buffered saline, 0.1% Tween-20; embedded in 3.5% low melting point agarose; and cut into 40 μm-thick transverse sections by vibratome. Sections were processed for immunohistochemistry as described (Shim et al., 2005 (link)). Primary antibodies were: anti-phospho-histone-H3 (Millipore 05-806, 1:1,000) and anti-activated-caspase-3 (Cell Signaling 9661, 1:200). Secondary antibodies were labeled with either Alexa-488 or Alexa-568 (Life Technologies, 1:1,000). DAPI (Sigma) was used to counter-stain the nuclei.
Vibratome sections containing the otic placode were imaged using a Zeiss LSM510 laser scanning confocal microscope. In each vibratome section, the total number of otic cells from both placodes, staining for either phospho-histone-H3 or activated caspase-3 was counted. The volume of the otic tissue in each vibratome section was calculated as the area of the otic region in the central image from the confocal z-stack (mm2, measured in ImageJ), multiplied by 0.04 mm (the thickness of each vibratome section). For each embryo, the total number of pH3+ or activated caspase-3+ cells was normalized by the total volume of otic tissue measured (number/mm3). Significance of differences between genotypes was measured by ANOVA.
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4

Apoptotic Signaling Pathways Evaluation

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DMSO, transresveratrol (RES), curcumin from Curcuma Longa (CUR), Sulforhodamine B (SRB), staurosporine and Hoechst 33342 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Rabbit polyclonal anti-Bax and mouse monoclonal anti-Bcl-2 antibodies were obtained from BD Pharmingen (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). Antibodies against PARP-1, ERK1/2 (C-14), phospho-ERK (E-4), NF-κB and p53 (DO-1) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (CA, USA). Rabbit polyclonal anti-actin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). The anti-activated caspase 3, anti-caspase 9, anti-caspase 8, anti-AKT and anti-phospho-AKT antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (MA, USA). Antibody against LC3 was obtained from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA). Goat anti-mouse IgG Alexa fluor-488-conjugated antibody was purchased from Life Technologies™ Molecular Probes (Oregon, USA). The goat anti-mouse or -rabbit IgG peroxidase conjugated secondary antibodies were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).
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5

Epidermal Dissection and Immunostaining

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Dissection and immunostaining of larval epidermis were performed as previously described.52 (link) Primary antibodies: anti-Fasciclin III (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Iowa City, IA, USA, 1:50), anti-activated Caspase-3 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA, 1:150), and anti-GFP (Life Technologies, Basel, Switzerland, 1:500). Secondary antibodies: alexa488-conjugated anti-mouse IgG (Life Technologies, 1:1000), Cy3-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA, 1:1000). TUNEL labeling kit (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) was used to label apoptotic cells.
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mouse Brain

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The anesthetized mice were perfused with with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and isolated brains were post-fixed with 4% PFA at 4°C for over night. After washing with PBS, the brains were cryoprotected with 30% sucrose solution, and embedded in Tissue-Tek. The frozen brains were sectioned at a thickness of 35 μm using a Cryostat (CM1900 and CM1850, Leica), and incubated with primary antibodies, including anti-GFP (rabbit polyclonal, Life Technology or rat monoclonal, Nakarai Tesque), anti-RFP (rabbit polyclonal, Abcam), anti-GLAST (goat polyclonal, Frontier Institute), anti-GFAP (mouse monoclonal, SIGMA), anti-ß-gal (rabbit polyclonal, MP Biomedicals), anti-activated caspase3 (rabbit polyclonal, Cell signaling), and anti-S100 (rabbit polyclonal, DAKO). After washing, the sections were incubated with secondary antibodies, including Alexa-Fluor 488, 594 or 633-conjugated anti-rabbit, anti-mouse, anti-rat and anti-goat antibodies (Life technologies). Nuclear staining was performed with Hoechst 33258. Sections were analyzed with either a fluorescent microscope (BX51, OLYMPUS) equipped with a cooled CCD camera system (DP71, OLYMPUS) or a laser confocal microscope (FV1000D, OLYMPUS).
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7

Immunohistochemical Profiling of Neurological Markers

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Antibodies used in this study are: anti-pan-flavivirus (MAB10216, clone D1-4G2) anti NeuN (Abcam), anti Iba-1 (Abcam), anti Tau (Abcam), anti-GFAP (Abcam), anti-caspase 3 and anti-activated caspase 3 (Cell Signalling Technology) and secondary antibodies coupled to Alexa dyes (488, 555 or 647, Thermofischer Scientific).
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8

Drosophila Larval Epidermis Dissection

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The third instar larval epidermis was dissected and processed as detailed previously (Burra et al., 2013 (link)). To highlight wound morphology, a mouse monoclonal antibody against Fasciclin III was used (1:50; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank). Rat anti-Sd was a gift from Kirsten Guss (Guss et al., 2013 (link)) and was used at 1:20. Mouse anti-GFP monoclonal antibody (Life Technologies) was used at 1: 500. Mouse anti-β-galactosidase monoclonal antibody (Promega #Z3781) was used at 1:1000. Anti-activated Caspase 3 (Cell Signaling) was used at 1:150. Mouse anti-Drosophila Profilin (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank) was used undiluted. Rabbit anti-DsRed (Clontech) was used at 1:1000. Rabbit anti-Lethal (2) giant larvae (l(2)gl) was used at 1:50 (Santa Cruz, sc-98260). Alexa 546 conjugated Phalloidin (Invitrogen) was used at 1:200. A TUNEL staining kit (Roche Diagnostics) was also used to detect DNA double-stranded breaks.
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9

Investigating HIF-2α Inhibition and Autophagy

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Hydroxychloroquine, temsirolimus (CCI-779), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The HIF-2α-specific inhibitor PT-2385 was purchased from Biovision. Dihydroethidium (DHE) was obtained from InvitrogenTM (Waltham, MA, USA) (Cat. No. D11347). N-Acetyl-L-cystein (NAC) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Cat. No. A7250). The antibodies used in the experiments were from the following sources: anti-LC3 from Novus Biologicals (Centennial, CO, USA); and anti-activated caspase-3, anti-HIF-1α, anti-HIF-2α, anti-SQSTM1/p62, anti-β-tubulin, anti-Atg7, anti-Phospho-S6 Ribosomal protein (Ser235/236), anti-Beclin.1 and anti-PI3K-Class III were all obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Goat anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG-horseradish peroxidase-conjugates were from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA)
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10

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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Western blot analysis was performed as described previously [16 (link)]. The primary antibodies were the following: anti-E-cadherin (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-N-cadherin (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Vimentin (1:1000, Abcam, USA), anti-activated caspase-3 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-total caspase-3 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-c-Met (1:1000, Abcam), and anti-GAPDH (1:1000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA).
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