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7 protocols using n hexanal

1

Authentic Aldehyde Standards for NMR

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Authentic aldehydes employed for 1H NMR reference purposes, including n-hexanal, n-octanal, trans-2-octenal, trans-2-nonenal trans,trans-deca-2,4-dienal, etc. were obtained from the Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (UK). Crotonaldehyde (butenal) was also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich as a 20:1 molar ratio of its trans-(E-):cis-(Z-) isomers in order to permit assignments of resonances for cis-2-alkenal LOPs in thermally-stressed culinary oils.
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2

Analytical Reagents for Phytochemical Analysis

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The following chemicals and reagents were used for the analyses: methanol (99.95%), acetonitrile (99.99%), and ammonium acetate, purchased from Carl Roth GmbH and Co. KG (Germany); tetrahydrofuran (99.7%) from VWR International GmbH (Germany); methyl tert-butyl ether (99.8%) from Geyer GmbH & Co. KG (Germany); formic acid (98-100%), dichloromethane (99.9%), isopropanol (99.95%), Tween 20 from Serva Electrophoresis GmbH (Germany); methyl salicylate (MeSA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) from Merck AG (Germany); C7-C40 alkanes (Supelco-49452-U), terpinenes (α, δ, ɣ), trans-β-ocimene, n-hexanal, nonanal, nerolidol, β-pinene, myrcene, sabinene, phellandrenes (α, β), β-caryophyllene and β-carotene from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Germany); α-carotene, (9Z)-neoxanthin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin from CaroteNature GmbH (Switzerland). Lutein was isolated from Tagetes erecta by flash chromatography. After saponification, the lutein was purified and crystallized. Its structure was elucidated by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (Baldermann, 2008 ), and compared to the authentic reference compound purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Germany).
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3

Chromatographic Analysis of Tea Bioactives

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The following standards were used for liquid chromatography analyses: xanthines (caffeine, theobromine and theophylline), monomeric flavan-3-ols ((+)-catechin, catechin gallate, (−)-Epicatechin, Epicatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), green tea catechin mix), theaflavins (theaflavin, theaflavins mix (tea extract from Camellia sinensis)) and gallic acid. They were purchased from Merck (Barcelona, Spain) and Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany) for the identification and/or quantification of characteristic bioactive components from tea (Camellia sinensis). Trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide and water of chromatographic quality were purchased from VWR (Barcelona, Spain).
Regarding gas chromatography, the standards used were as follows: 1-penten-3-ol, n-hexanal, n-hexanol, cisZ-3-hexenal, transE-2-hexenal, cisZ-3-hexenol, transE-2-hexenol and pentanol, and for Group II, linalool, linalool oxides, methyl salicylate, phenyl acetaldehyde, geraniol, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, benzaldehyde, α-ionone and β-ionone were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany. Methanol, acetic acid and furfural were obtained from VWR, Darmstadt, Germany.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Aldehydes

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(E)-2-hexen-1-al (E2al), was purchased from Bedoukian (Bedoukian Research, Danbury, CT, USA). (Z)-3-hexen-1-al (Z3al), n-Hexanal (nHal), and nonyl acetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All solvents used were analytical grade.
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5

Authentic Aldehydes for NMR Reference

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Authentic aldehydes employed for 1H NMR reference purposes, e.g. n-hexanal, n-octanal, trans-2-octenal, trans-2-nonenal trans, trans-deca-2,4-dienal, etc., were purchased from the Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Co. (Gillingham, UK).
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6

Whey Protein Isolate Characterization

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Whey protein isolate (WPI) containing 95.6% protein, 1.84% ash, and 2.68% moisture was purchased from Davisco Food Ingredients International (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Anhydrous milkfat (AMF) containing 99.8% milkfat was purchased from Grassland Dairy Products (Greenwood, WI, USA). Low-heat nonfat milk powder containing 0.7% milkfat, 34.49% proteins, 54.93% carbohydrates, 6.3% ash, and 3.5% moisture was purchased from Crystal Cream & Butter Co. (Sacramento, CA, USA), and served as a source for non-fat milk-solids (MSNF). Tris-HCl, SDS, glycerol, bromophenol blue, β-mercaptoethanol, SDS-PAGE molecular weight marker proteins (low range), g acrylamide + g bis-acrylamide, and Coomasie Blue R-250 were purchased from Bio-Rad (Richmond, CA, USA). Acetic acid, methanol, purified (>90%) individual caseins and whey proteins, petroleum ether (analytical grade, bp 70 °C), and n-Hexanal (>98%) were all purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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7

Comprehensive Analytical Standards Profiling

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The analytical standards n-hexanal, n-nonane, α-pinene, camphene, benzaldehyde, β-pinene, 1octen-3-ol, p-cymene, limonene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, linalool, trans-thujone, trans-pinocarveol, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, myrtenol, verbenone, n-decanal, geraniol, geranial, (E)-caryophyllene, αhumulene, (E)-β-ionone, (E)-nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, n-hexadecanoic acid were purchased from SigmaAldrich (I-Milan) and used for identification of some peaks; (E)-Phytol was previously isolated from Onosma echioides (Maggi et al., 2009) . A mixture of n-alkanes (C8-C30) was purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA) and used to calculate the temperature-programmed retention indices of chromatographic peaks. n-Hexane was purchased from Carlo Erba (I-Milan).
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