Spss process macro v2.16.3

Manufactured by IBM

SPSS PROCESS macro (v2.16.3) is a statistical software tool designed to perform advanced data analysis. The core function of this product is to provide researchers and analysts with a comprehensive set of tools for conducting moderation, mediation, and conditional process analysis.

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Lab products found in correlation

Stata 15, by StataCorp (1 mentions) Spss version 25, by IBM (1 mentions)

3 protocols using spss process macro v2.16.3

Cortical-White Matter Associations in Clusters

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Partial correlations, controlling for age and sex, were used to examine associations between select cortical gray matter and white matter tracts within the overall sample. We selected regions of cortical thickness and gyrification that were previously found to differentiate the clusters (Gicas et al., 2017), and paired these with the corresponding white matter tracts that are neuroanatomically linked to these cortical ROIs. Gray matter ROIs included the following: entorhinal cortex (lGI), lateral OFC (lGI), medial OFC (lGI, CT), and anterior cingulate cortex (CT). The corresponding white matter ROIs included FA and RD measurements for the anterior corona radiata, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Eight partial correlations were conducted for each set of selected DTI metrics, and a Bonferroni correction was applied setting the critical alpha value to p < 0.006 (0.05/8). In follow‐up, significant correlations at the Bonferroni‐corrected level were analyzed within a moderation model using the SPSS PROCESS Macro v2.16.3 (Hayes, 2013) to determine whether the strength of the gray‐white matter correlations were significantly different across clusters (multicategorical moderator). Visual inspection of scatterplots and histograms of the residuals for the multiple regression model were conducted to identify possible outliers.

Gicas K.M., Cheng A., Rawtaer I., Willi T.S., Panenka W.J., Lang D.J., Smith G.N., Vila‐Rodriguez F., Leonova O., Giesbrecht C.J., Jones A.A., Barr A.M., Procyshyn R.M., Buchanan T., MacEwan G.W., Su W., Vertinsky A.T., Rauscher A., O’Rourke N., Loken Thornton W., Thornton A.E, & Honer W.G. (2019). Diffusion tensor imaging of neurocognitive profiles in a community cohort living in marginal housing. Brain and Behavior, 9(3), e01233.

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Multivariable Associations of MACE

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Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (IBM Corp, Version 25). Continuous variables are presented as mean (±standard deviation (SD)) or as median (25^th-75^th percentile (IQR)) when not normally distributed. Multivariable associations were evaluated using linear regression models. Where variables were non-normally distributed, bootstrapping was employed. To assess associations with MACE, Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additionally, Kaplan-Meier estimates of event-free survival were generated; statistical significance was evaluated using log-rank tests. The models incorporated time between imaging and the date of MACE event or last follow-up.
Mediation analysis was performed with the SPSS PROCESS macro (v2.16.3), which uses an ordinary least squares or logistic regression-based path framework to estimate direct and indirect effects and produces CIs from bias-corrected bootstrap samples (37 ). We examined the pre-specified hypothesized multiple mediator path (using PROCESS Model 6): SES→ AmygA → bone marrow activity → arterial inflammation → MACE. Mediation analyses incorporated age, sex, and baseline coronary artery calcium score (as a measure of pre-existing pre-clinical atherosclerotic disease burden) as covariates. Statistical significance was determined as two-tailed p<0.05 for all analyses.

Tawakol A., Osborne M.T., Wang Y., Hammed B., Tung B., Patrich T., Oberfeld B., Ishai A., Shin L.M., Nahrendorf M., Warner E.T., Wasfy J., Fayad Z.A., Koenen K., Ridker P.M., Pitman R.K, & Armstrong K.A. (2019). Stress-Associated Neurobiological Pathway Linking Socioeconomic Disparities to Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(25), 3243-3255.

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Socioeconomic Status and Arterial Inflammation

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Continuous variables are presented as mean (standard deviation (SD)) or as median (interquartile range (IQR)) when not normally distributed. Multivariable linear regression was utilized to assess the association between SES indices and inflammatory markers (i.e., arterial inflammation, bone marrow leukopoietic activity, CRP and IL-6) with adjustment of age, Framingham risk score, statin use, anti-retroviral therapy (ART), and nadir CD4 count. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 25 (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York) and Stata 15 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas). Mediation analysis was performed with the SPSS PROCESS macro (v2.16.3), which implements an ordinary least squares-based path framework to estimate direct and indirect effects from bias-corrected bootstrap samples.²³ We examined the pre-specified hypothesized mediator path (using PROCESS Model 6): ↓SES (as high school graduation rate)→↑systemic inflammation (as CRP)→↑arterial inflammation. Statistical significance was determined as P<0.05 for all analyses.

ZHANG L., ABOHASHEM S., OSBORNE M.T., NADDAF N., Park R., Moore K J.r., PATRICH T., DEEKS S.G., HSUE P.Y, & TAWAKOL A.A. (2021). Lower Socioeconomic Status Associates with Greater Systemic and Arterial Inflammation in HIV. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 87(1), 706-710.

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