Spss for windows software programme version 26

All statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS for Windows software programme, version 26 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). All outcome variables were tested for normality before performing statistical analyses. Differences in means were tested using Student’s t-test for parametric data, Mann–Whitney U test for non-parametric data and Chi-square test for categorical variables. For testing relationships between dichotomous-dependent variables and continuous predictors, binary logistic regression analysis was carried out. The dependent variable in the model was the presence or absence of short stature while the independent variables were duration of illness, insulin requirement, insulin therapy regimen, glycaemic control and mid-parental height. P values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

All statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS for Windows software programme, version 26 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). All outcome variables were tested for normality before performing statistical analyses. Differences in means were tested using Student’s t-test for parametric data, Mann–Whitney U-test for non-parametric data and Chi-squared test for categorical variables. Paired sample t-test was used to compare parameters at baseline and 3 months in the metformin group and the non-metformin group. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.