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5 protocols using ab133477

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of GPR55 and TPH2 in Mouse DRN

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After
completing behavior tests, mice from the control and MS groups (n = 6 per group, 7–8 weeks old) were anesthetized
with pentobarbital sodium. Subsequently, they were intracardially
perfused with sterile saline, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1
M PBS (pH 7.4). The brain was postfixed in 4% paraformaldehyde overnight
and dehydrated through an ascending sucrose series, including 15 and
30% (w/v) sucrose in 0.1 M PBS at 4 °C overnight. Subsequently,
floating sections (25 μm) of the DRN were obtained and subjected
to immunohistochemistry staining using anti-GPR55
(Abcam, ab203663; 1:200) and anti-TPH2 (Abcam, ab133477;
1:200) antibodies. After washing three times, sections were incubated
with secondary antibodies diluted in PBST for 2 h at room temperature
in the dark. DAPI diluted in 0.1 mM PBS (1:1000) was applied to mark
cell nuclei. A confocal fluorescence microscopy (Olympus, Japan) was
employed to observe and acquire the images. Image analysis and process
were carried out using ImageJ (NIH) by researchers blinded to the
experiments.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Neurotransmitter Transporters

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All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) unless otherwise indicated. Methylarsonic acid (MMAV) disodium salt (99% pure) was obtained from Chem Service (West Chester, PA, USA). Sodium borohydride was obtained from EM Science (Gibbstown, NJ, USA). For Western blots, primary rabbit antibodies against xCT (ab37185), EAAT3 (ab124802), GLAST (ab416), GLT1 (ab41621), NR2B (ab65783), GluA2 (ab133477), Synaptophysin (SY38, ab8049), CBS (ab135626), and CSE (ab151769) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Anti-LAT1 (sc-134994) and PSD95 (7E3, sc-32290) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Rabbit anti-NR2A (AB1555P) and anti-GluA1 (AB1504) antibodies were purchased from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). Primary antibody against SLC1A4 (8442 s) and secondary goat anti-rabbit antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Secondary anti-mouse IgG antibody was purchased from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of DRN Proteins

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Western blotting
was performed as previously described.68 (link) After completing behavior tests, mice were euthanized in the control,
MS, and O-1602 treatment groups (n = 3 per group,
7–8 weeks old). Subsequently, their brains were removed and
sliced, and the DRN was carefully excised under a microscope. Total
protein was extracted from DRN samples using the M-PER protein extraction
buffer. Protein concentration was determined using a BCA kit. Equal
amounts of protein samples were used for western blotting analysis.
The primary antibodies used in this experiment were as follows: GPR55
(Abcam, ab203663; 1:1000), GluN2A (Abcam, ab124913; 1:1000), GluN2B
(Abcam, ab254356; 1:1000), p-CaMKIIα (Abcam,
ab171095; 1:1000), CaMKIIα (Abcam, ab52476; 1:1000), p-GluA1R Ser831 (Abcam, ab109464; 1:1000), p-GluA1R Ser45 (Abcam, ab76321; 1:1000), GluA1 (Abcam, ab31232; 1:1000),
and TPH2 (Abcam, ab133477; 1:1000). β-Actin (Sigma-Aldrich,
A5316; 1:10,000) was used as a loading control. After three washes
with TBST for 10 min, the membranes were incubated with horseradish
peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies. Then, the signal of the
target protein was detected and digitized using the ECL solution and
the ImageJ program. The band intensity of each blot was quantified
as a ratio relative to β-Actin. And we normalized all the data
to obtain the same value in the control group.
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4

Immunocytochemical Labeling and Imaging

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Antibodies against GluR1 (ab31232), GluR2 (ab133477), GFP (ab1213, ab183734), PSD95 (ab2723, ab13552), synapsin-I (ab64581), syntaxin-2 (ab233275), synaptotagmin (ab13259), VAMP2 (ab181869), neuroligin-1 (ab153821), α-tubulin (ab7291), and MAP2 (ab5392) were purchased from Abcam. Secondary antibodies used for immunocytochemistry were: Alexa 488-labeled chicken anti-mouse or anti-rabbit; Alexa 594-labeleddonkey anti-mouse or anti-rabbit (Invitrogen, Eugene, OR); all used at a dilution of 1:500. 4′, 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (4′, 6′-diamidino-2-phenylindol) (Invitrogen) was used as a nuclear counterstain at 1 µg/ml. CTZ was purchased from Tocris Bioscience, and Furo-2, AM (F1201) was ordered from ThermoFisher. Bicuculline (S2694) and 5-Fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FDU) (F3503) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Neural Markers

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Tissue lysates were extracted from each brain region in 5% SDS and 50 mM NH4HCO3 buffer supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktails (Roche). Total proteins of 20 μg were loaded and separated on 10% gels and transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore, USA). Then, the membranes were blocked in 5% milk for 1 hour at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies diluted in 5% milk. The primary antibodies were as follows: anti-Gria2 (ab133477, Abcam), anti-Slc6a3 (ab184451, Abcam), anti-Slc5a7 (sc-33713, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti–myelin basic protein (MAB386, Merck Millipore), anti–glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (60004-1, ProteinTech). The membranes were washed five times with TBST (Tris Buffered Saline with Tween 20) and then incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing with TBST, enhanced chemiluminescence was added, and the membrane was scanned on the imager system (Bio-Rad, USA).
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