1.7mm 30 degree scope

This study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Pasteurella-free, female, New Zealand white rabbits (3–4 kg) were used for the study. Before study initiation, rabbits were acclimatized to the animal facility for at least 1 week. Rabbits were anesthetized with [ketamine (20 mg/kg) (MWI, Boise, ID), dextomitor (0.25 mg/kg) (Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI), buprenorphine (0.03 mg/kg) (Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals Inc., Richmond, VA), and carprofen (5 mg/kg) (Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI)] in a warm room. No rabbits were intubated or provided any inhalational anesthetic agents. Nasal endoscopy (1.7mm 30-degree scope, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) was performed bilaterally to exclude pre-existing infection or abnormal lesions. A synthetic sponge (Merocel ®, Medtronics, FL) was inserted into the middle meatus to occlude the maxillary sinus outflow tract. The ipsilateral maxillary sinus was inoculated directly into the maxillary sinus laterally with 0.5 mL of wild-type P. aeruginosa (PAO-1) using a 22-guage spinal needle (Becton-Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ). The concentration was adjusted to an OD600 = 0.6 in sterile saline (4.0 × 10⁸ colony forming units (CFUs)).

This study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Pasteurella-free, female, New Zealand white rabbits (2–4 kg) were used for the study. Before study initiation, rabbits were acclimatized to the animal facility for at least 1 week. Rabbits were anesthetized with [ketamine (20 mg/kg) (MWI, Boise, ID), dextomitor (0.25 mg/kg) (Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI), buprenorphine (0.03 mg/kg) (Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals Inc., Richmond, VA), and carprofen (5 mg/kg) (Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI)] in a warm room. No rabbits were intubated or provided any inhalational anesthetic agents. Nasal endoscopy (1.7mm 30-degree scope, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) was performed bilaterally to exclude pre-existing infection or abnormal lesions. A polyurethane glycol dressing (2 cm NasoPore ®,Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI) was inserted into the middle meatus to occlude the maxillary sinus outflow tract. The ipsilateral maxillary sinus was transnasally inoculated through the medial wall of the maxillary sinus (in front of the middle turbinate) with 0.5 mL of wild-type P. aeruginosa (PAO-1) using a 22-guage spinal needle (Becton-Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) (Figure 2A). The concentration was adjusted to an OD600 = 0.6 in sterile saline (4.0 × 10^{8 (link)} colony forming units (CFUs)).