The mineralogical compositions of the specimens were determined using X-ray diffractometry (XRD, BrukerAXS D8, Germany), and the XRD spectra were recorded using Cu K radiation and a 2θ range of 10 to 80°. The chemical composition of the samples was determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF, Thermo Scientific ARL Perform'X, America). The morphology and microstructure of the prepared specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, ZEISS Sigma 300, America) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. N2 adsorption–desorption experiments were performed at 77 K using an automatic ASAP 2460 (Micromeritics ASAP 2460, America). The pore volumes and pore size distributions were calculated by the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, BJH pore size distribution is divided into an adsorption pore size distribution and a desorption pore size distribution. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the specimens were obtained by an FT-IR spectrometer (Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS20, America) using the KBr pellet dics method. Each sample was tested at a resolution of 2 cm−1 with 32 scans. The blank KBr pellet was tested at the sametime as reference.
Asap 2460
Manufactured by Micromeritics
Sourced in United States, China, Japan
The ASAP 2460 is a surface area and porosity analyzer that uses gas adsorption techniques to measure the surface area, pore size, and pore volume of solid materials. It is capable of determining these properties across a wide range of materials, including powders, granules, and porous solids.
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Lab products found in correlation
Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (39 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (30 mentions)
S 4800, by Hitachi (23 mentions)
K alpha, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (23 mentions)
Jem 2100f, by JEOL (14 mentions)
Su8010, by Hitachi (13 mentions)
Talos f200x, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (10 mentions)
Labram hr evolution, by Horiba (10 mentions)
Tensor 27, by Bruker (10 mentions)
Jem 2100, by JEOL (9 mentions)
Nicolet 6700, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (9 mentions)
Ultima 4, by Rigaku (8 mentions)
Sigma 300, by Zeiss (7 mentions)
Nicolet is20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (7 mentions)
Sta449f3, by Netzsch (7 mentions)
Tecnai g2 f20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (7 mentions)
Gemini 300, by Zeiss (7 mentions)
Zetasizer nano zs90, by Malvern Panalytical (6 mentions)
Axs d8 advance, by Bruker (6 mentions)
Uv 3600, by Shimadzu (6 mentions)
318 protocols using asap 2460
1
Comprehensive Material Characterization
2
Characterization of Ball-Milled Plastic Char
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A multiple-point Brunauer Emmett Teller(BET) method was applied to measure the surface area, pore size and pore volume of ball-milled plastic char (BMPC) (ASAP2460, Micromeritics, Atlanta, USA), and element analysis was determined using the CHN/O Analyzer (EA3000, Italy). The pH value was measured by a pH meter (PB-10, Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany). SEM analysis (JSM-7800F, JEOL, Japan) were performed to monitor the shapes and surface morphologies of the samples. Raman spectroscopy (SR-500I-A, TEO, USA) was used to characterize the aromatic structure. The functional groups of BMPCs were investigated by Boehm titration method (See detail in Text S3) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements (TENSOR 37, BRUKER, Germany). Zeta potential was determined with a Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK).
3
Multimodal Characterization of Nanomaterials
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Absorption spectra were obtained by a UV-3101 spectrophotometer. TEM images were obtained by using Tecnai G2 F20 S-Twin at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. The elemental mapping analysis used Tecnai F20 S-Twin electron microscopy. PXRD patterns were analyzed on a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer using Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 1.54 Å) from 10° to 90° in steps of 10°/min. The XPS spectra were recorded by an x-ray photoelectron Thermo Fisher Scientific ESCALAB 250Xi spectrometer. N2 absorption-desorption isotherms were analyzed using Micromeritics ASAP 2460. A laser speckle imaging system was used to monitor animal meningitis. Bio-imaging analysis in vivo was performed using the IVIS Lumina XR system. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images were measured through a Nikon A1R confocal system.
4
Comprehensive Characterization of Inorganic Compounds
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100F) was used to examine the morphology, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Scientific K-Alpha) was used to analyze the element content. A (Rigaku Ultima IV) X-ray diffractometer is used to obtain XRD patterns of FeGC, MnGC, and CaGC, while the UV–vis-NIR spectra were measured by (UV-1900i, SHIMADZU) spectrophotometers. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, Agilent 700 Series, Agilent Technologies, US) was used for the quantitative elemental analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were collected between 4000 and 400 cm−1 on a Nicolet 7000-C spectrometer. With the Micromeritics ASAP 2460 surface area analyzer, the specific surface areas of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) compounds were determined. The particle sizes and zeta potential were detected by Zetasizer Nano Series (Malvern, USA).
5
Nitrogen Adsorption-Desorption Isotherm Analysis
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The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the samples were recorded by a surface area and pore size analyzer (ASAP 2460, Micromeritics, USA). Before the measurement, the samples were dried under vacuum to remove the residual solvent at 50 °C for 24 h, and degassed under vacuum at 50 °C for 6 h. The surface area and pore size of the sample was calculated using Microactive for ASAP 2460 software according to the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms.
6
Comprehensive Catalytic Characterization
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The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis was conducted on a Micromeritics ASAP 2460 apparatus at 77 K and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) measurements were conducted by heating the catalysts from 353 to 1073 K at a 10 K·min−1 in an argon atmosphere. Furthermore, XPS was performed on Thermo Scientific K-Alpha equipment. The zinc content of the catalysts was measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) evaluation employing the iCAP 6000 series ICP emission spectrometer. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of all the supports were obtained on a Thermo Scientific Nicolet IS10 instrument. The KBr disk method was employed with a scan range of 4000–400 cm−1. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) characterization was performed using a Zeiss Sigma 300 field-emitting microscope with a 15 kV accelerating voltage.
7
Pore Characterization of IFS Samples
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The pore characteristics of the IFS were measured using an advanced micropore size and chemisorption analyzer (ASAP 2460, Micromeritics Instrument Corp, Norcross, GA, USA). The sample was outgassed, first at room temperature and then at 623 K, to a pressure of <0.2 Pa. The specific surface areas were determined using the nitrogen adsorption values from P/P0 = 0.057–0.294 via the BET method. The microporous pore volume was determined from the amount of adsorbed N2.
8
Adsorbent Characterization by SEM and BET
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The morphology and microstructure of the adsorbent was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM, QUANTA 200, Czech). SEM images were obtained after drying the adsorbent beads in vacuum at 120–130°C for 12 h. The N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms were measured on Micromeritics ASAP 2460 at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). Specific surface areas were calculated by BET method using adsorption isotherms and pore size distributions were calculated by DFT method [25–27 ].
9
Characterization of Magnetic MIL-68(Ga) Composite
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The morphology and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of magnetic MIL-68(Ga) were performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (TESCAN MIRA LMS, Brno, Czech). The crystallinity of the synthesized MIL-68(Ga) powder and magnetic MIL-68(Ga) composite was determined using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) (Bruker D2 PHASER, Karlsruhe, Germany). Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) (Agilent 7700, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used to measure the concentration of Pb2+, Ga2+ and Cu2+. Magnetic properties of the materials were characterized using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) (LakeShore7404, Columbus, OH, USA). The functional groups of magnetic MIL-68(Ga) were detected by a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer (Thermofisher Scientific, Nicolet iS50, Waltham, MA, USA). Zeta potential was analyzed by Nano-particle analyzer (Malvern Panalytical, Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern, UK). Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis was performed by surface area and pore analyzer (Micromeritics, ASAP 2460, Norcross, GA, USA).
10
Characterization of Adsorbent Materials
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The apparent surface area and pore volume of the adsorbents were obtained using the nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms conducted on a specific surface area analyzer (ASAP2460, Micromeritics Instrument Corp, Norcross, GA, USA) at 77 K. The zeta potentials of the materials were measured on a Zetasizer Nano (Delsa Nano C, Beckman Coulter Inc.). C, H, and N were determined using a Heraeus CHN-O-RAPID (Hanau, Germany) elemental analyzer.
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