Absolute ethanol

All chemicals, except absolute ethanol, were obtained commercially from Sigma Aldrich (Munich, Germany) and used without further purification. absolute ethanol was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
NPSNPs were prepared by adding 3.16 g cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and 0.23 g diethanolamine (DEA) to a solution of 75 mL ultrapure water and 13.4 mL absolute ethanol. The mixture was heated to 40°C and stirred. After 30 min, 8.56 mL tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were added and the reaction mixture was stirred for additional 2 h. The product was centrifuged (30 min at 18000 g) and washed twice with water and once with ethanol. Afterwards, the particles were dried overnight at 60°C. To remove the structure-directing agent, a calcination for 5 h at 550°C (heating rate: 1 K min^-1) followed [58 ].
The amino modification of the silica surface was performed via post-grafting by dispersing 500 mg of NPSNPs in 20 mL toluene. To this dispersion 75 μL 1,8-diaza-bicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and 95 μL 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) were added. Afterwards, the solution was stirred for 2 h at 80°C. The modified nanoparticles were collected by centrifugation, washed three times with ethanol and dried at 60°C [52 ].

In this paper, analytical grade chemicals were used such as absolute ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(trimethyloxypyrite) propylamine (N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylamine, Ζ 6020, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), epoxy resin (epoxy resin “Araldite GY 257”, GY 257, Ciba-Geigy, Basel, Switzerland), and 2,2′-diaminodyethylamine (2,2′-Diaminodiethylamine, HS 943, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). In addition, the chemicals 5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (5-ATDT), and Cerium(III) acetylacetonate were purchased by Acros-Organics, Morris Plains, NJ, USA.
The ORMOSIL coatings were produced by using absolute ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(trimethyloxypyrite) propylamine, Ζ 6020, (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), epoxy resin (epoxy resin “Araldite GY 257”, GY 257, Ciba-Geigy, Basel, Switzerland), 2,2′-Diaminodiethylamine, HΥ 943, (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).

The FCB was fabricated as described previously [23 (link)]. Briefly, it was composed of two cast 10 mm and one 15 mm polymethylmethacrylate Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plates (Altuglass, Saint-Avold, France), where all connecting channels and fittings for Luer-slip connectors were milled with a CNC micro mill (Datron Neo, Datron AG, Mühltal, Germany). The dimensions of fluidic circuit are shown in Table S2. After milling, the FCB was assembled as follows: both layers of the FCB were thoroughly cleaned using industrial cleaning wipes (Adolf Würth GmbH & Co, Duisburg, Germany), deionized water, absolute ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and propanol (Sigma-Aldrich). A solution of acetone (Sigma-Aldrich) in absolute ethanol at a volume ratio of 1:10 was added on top of the connection layer slab and the complementary channel layer slab was then pressed onto the connection layer slab and aligned using alignment pins (DIN 7-ISO 2338). The assembled FCB was then pressed at 1 kN at 55 °C using a hydraulic press (model 3889, Carver Inc., Miami, FL, USA).