All the cataract surgeries were performed by one ophthalmologist (HY Lin) with a standardized procedure. Briefly, femtosecond laser assistance with a single device (LenSx, Alcon, Texas) was applied in all patients for corneal incision, followed by curvilinear capsulorhexis and lens fragmentation. Then, conjunctival sac swab with beta-iodine and prophylactic moxifloxacin eye drop instillation were performed before cataract surgery. After the ophthalmic viscoelastic device injection and hydrodissection, phacoemulsification and aspiration were performed via a single device (Centurion, Alcon, Texas). The diffractive quadrifocal IOL was then implanted, and the corneal incision wound was closed by the hydroseal technique. Moxifloxacin eye drops were administered again after the surgery, and Tobradex ointment was applied for one week postoperatively.
Centurion
Manufactured by Alcon
Sourced in United States
The Centurion is a piece of lab equipment designed for use in scientific research and analysis. It is a high-performance centrifuge capable of separating and isolating various components of a sample at high rotational speeds. The core function of the Centurion is to facilitate the separation and purification of substances, such as cells, proteins, or other biomolecules, through the application of centrifugal force.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Clareon, by Alcon (2 mentions)
Lensx, by Alcon (1 mentions)
Monarch 2 injector, by Alcon (1 mentions)
Cravit, by Santen (1 mentions)
Iolmaster 700, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Pred forte, by Abbvie (1 mentions)
Infiniti, by Alcon (1 mentions)
Lensx platform, by Alcon (1 mentions)
Whitestar signature, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Accurus, by Alcon (1 mentions)
Discovisc, by Alcon (1 mentions)
Compound tropicamide, by Santen (1 mentions)
13 protocols using centurion
1
Femtosecond-Assisted Cataract Surgery
2
Standardized Toric IOL Implantation
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Cataract surgery was performed by two experienced surgeons (Y. L. and J. Y.). The patients received topical anesthesia. The eyes were dilated to a pupil diameter of at least 8 mm. Intraoperatively, a 2.65 mm clear corneal incision was made according to the surgeon's preference. After a 5–5.5 mm continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) was created with the Verion™ Image-Guided System, phacoemulsification was performed (Centurion®, Alcon Laboratories), followed by the irrigation and aspiration of the residual cortex. The toric IOL (Alcon AcrySof Toric IOL, Alcon Laboratories) was then inserted into the capsular bag with a Monarch II injector (Alcon Laboratories). The IOL was rotated to its desired axis by the Verion system. After the residual viscoelastics were removed, the IOL was aligned to its final position, and the incisions were hydrated. All surgeries were performed in a standardized manner without any intraoperative complications, such as posterior capsular rupture.
Postoperatively, 1% prednisolone acetate eye drops (Allergan Pharmaceutical Ireland, Westport, Ireland), 0.5% levofloxaxcin eye drops (Cravit; Santen Pharmaceutical), and 0.1% pranoprofen eye drops (Pranopulin; Senju Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan) were used four times per day, and then, the dosage was tapered over three weeks or as clinically indicated.
Postoperatively, 1% prednisolone acetate eye drops (Allergan Pharmaceutical Ireland, Westport, Ireland), 0.5% levofloxaxcin eye drops (Cravit; Santen Pharmaceutical), and 0.1% pranoprofen eye drops (Pranopulin; Senju Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan) were used four times per day, and then, the dosage was tapered over three weeks or as clinically indicated.
3
Characterizing PGD Thin Films via FTIR
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Arc-shaped PGD thin films prepared were placed in a 3 mL pure water environment. A Kelman phaco-tip (Alcon, USA) of the phacoemulsification platform (Centurion; Alcon, USA) was positioned with bevel-down to release power (30% phaco-power, 10 seconds phaco + 10 seconds rest, for a total of 30 cycles).
The potassium bromide (KBr) pellet method was used for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the PGD samples. First, approximately 3 µg of PGD sample before/after power release was weighed in an agate mortar. Then, approximately 200 µg of spectroscopic grade potassium bromide powder was weighed in the mortar. The sample and potassium bromide powder were thoroughly ground together, while taking care to avoid moisture. The ground mixture powder was placed in a pellet mold and pressed using a hydraulic press to form transparent sample pellets. The prepared sample pellets were subjected to FTIR analysis using an infrared spectrometer to measure the absorption peaks in the infrared range of approximately 1000 to 4000 cm−1 and record their spectral characteristics for analysis of the functional groups present in the sample molecules.
The potassium bromide (KBr) pellet method was used for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the PGD samples. First, approximately 3 µg of PGD sample before/after power release was weighed in an agate mortar. Then, approximately 200 µg of spectroscopic grade potassium bromide powder was weighed in the mortar. The sample and potassium bromide powder were thoroughly ground together, while taking care to avoid moisture. The ground mixture powder was placed in a pellet mold and pressed using a hydraulic press to form transparent sample pellets. The prepared sample pellets were subjected to FTIR analysis using an infrared spectrometer to measure the absorption peaks in the infrared range of approximately 1000 to 4000 cm−1 and record their spectral characteristics for analysis of the functional groups present in the sample molecules.
4
Optimizing IOL Power Selection
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Preoperative biometry using the ZEISS IOLMaster® 700 allowed choosing the Clareon® IOL power using the SRKT formula (A constant of 119.3). The HofferQ and Holladay formulas were also used if the axial length (AL) was less than 22 mm. Phacoemulsification was performed by three senior surgeons using the same surgical protocol through a 2.2-mm main incision using the Alcon Constellation® or Centurion® systems.
5
Cataract Surgery Techniques and Intraocular Lens Characteristics
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In cataract surgery, a 2.4 mm scleral incision is made using a 6 mm IOL, whereas a 3.0 mm scleral incision is made using a 7 mm IOL. In the case of cataract surgery alone, phacoemulsification was performed with Centurion (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA); in the case of phacovitrectomy, a 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with constellation (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) was performed. The IOL was fixed intracapsular in all cases. The type of lenses used were XY-1® (Hoya, Tokyo, Japan), Clareon® (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.), YP2.2R® (Kowa, Tokyo, Japan), Tecnis Eyhans® Optiblue® (Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santa Ana, CA, USA) in 6 mm diameter lenses, and X-70® (Santen, Osaka, Japan) in 7 mm diameter lenses. The IOL features are shown in Table 1 . The phacovitrectomy procedure included: (1) core vitrectomy; (2) peripheral vitrectomy with compression of the sclera; (3) removal of the epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane in necessary cases; and (4) replacement of 20% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in the macular hole (MH) or retinal detachment (RD), as necessary. Postoperatively, SF6-replaced patients were placed in the prone position for 1 week to 2 weeks.
6
Bilateral Multifocal IOL Implantation
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After instillation of topical anesthesia (0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride), the phacoemulsification surgery was performed. A continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis marker with a 6.0-mm diameter was used to reference the corneal plane. The main clear corneal incision was made using a 2.2-mm keratome, followed by capsulorrhexis using a capsulorrhexis needle. Phacoemulsification was performed using either the Infiniti® or Centurion® phacoemulsifier (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA). Using an injector, a + 2.75 D multifocal IOL was implanted into the capsular bag of the dominant eye, and a + 4.00 D multifocal IOL was implanted into the capsular bag of the nondominant eye. The dominant eye was first implanted with Tecnis + 2.75 D multifocal IOL (ZKB00), and 1 week after surgery in the dominant eye, Tecnis + 4.00 D multifocal IOL (ZMB00) was implanted in the non-dominant eye. The target postoperative refraction was emmetropia in both eyes. All patients were administered 0.5% gatifloxacin ophthalmic solution (Gatiflo®, HANDOK, Seoul, South Korea) and prednisolone eye drops (Pred-Forte®, Allergan, Dublin, Ireland) for 1-month postoperatively. All of the above surgical protocols were equally applied to the bilaterally monofocal IOLs implanted group.
7
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery
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To maintain surgical consistency, femtosecond laser (FL) assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) was performed in all eyes using the LenSx platform (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.). The FL was used to undertake capsulotomy, lens fragmentation and astigmatic keratotomies. Strict criteria for suitability for FLACS was followed so that no recruited patients would be excluded from the trial (table 1). Astigmatic keratotomies were performed on patients with corneal astigmatism greater than 0.8 diopters (D) based on corneal topography. All operations were performed under a local anaesthetic (LA) unless clinically indicated otherwise. All outcomes' analysis was undertaken only on the first operated eye, except for PROMS data which was collected on bilateral cases. No other additional procedures were planned, other than the FL astigmatic keratotomies. Phacoemulsification was performed in all eyes using an activefluidics torsional phacoemulsification system (Centurion, Alcon Laboratories, Inc.). The IOL used for in-the-bag placement was randomized to either Clareon® (Alcon Laboratories, Inc.) or Tecnis® PCB00 (Johnson & Johnson Inc.). Operations were performed by six surgeons who had completed at least 30 FLACS procedures (NS, EA, DPSO, VW, MB, SR) before study commencement.
8
Micro-Coaxial Phacoemulsification Technique
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All surgeries were performed by three experienced surgeons (AFB, RK, and GUA) under local or general anesthesia. A Centurion (Alcon, USA) or WhiteStar Signature (Johnson & Johnson, USA) phacoemulsification machine and a 0.9 mm 45° ABS Intrepid Balanced phaco tip with a NanoSleeve (Alcon, Fort Worth, USA) were used to allow micro-coaxial phacoemulsification at the intended incision sizes without wound size enlargement. All the side-port incision was made with a 1.0 mm paracentesis knife and the main corneal incision was placed at the superior (12 o’clock) quadrant of the cornea near the limbus. Knife sizes were 2.2 mm (System 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) or 2.4 mm (System 5), according to the recommendations provided by the manufacturer of each delivery system. The IOL was inserted into the capsular bag using the preloaded delivery system prepared by a trained nurse or surgical assistant. The same ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) (Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose [20.0 mg]) at room temperature (20–23° C) was used in all cases. Then, surgeons depressed or screwed the plunger to introduce the IOL through the injector nozzle into the capsular bag.
9
Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery Protocol
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All the cataract surgeries were performed by a single surgeon (Y.I.). Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was performed using the CENTURION® System (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, Texas, USA) after a 2.2-mm clear corneal incision was made under topical anesthesia. An intraocular lens (ZCB00V; AMO Japan, Tokyo, Japan) was implanted in the capsular bag. Three days before surgery, topical 0.3% gatifloxacin was used four times daily. All the patients were prescribed 1.5% levofloxacin, 0.1% betamethasone, and 0.1% bromfenac eye drops four times daily from the day after the surgery until 1 month postoperatively according to the approved dose in Japan.
10
Pediatric Cataract Surgical Approach
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All surgeries were performed by the same experienced congenital cataract surgeon (Yun-e Zhao) under general anaesthesia using the 23G vitrectomy mode of Accurus or Centurion vision system (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., TX, USA) with a cut-rate of 2,000 per min and vacuum of 350 mmHg. For children younger than 3 years old, the anterior vitrectorhexis about 5.0 mm was performed through 1.0 mm precise corneal incision at 10 and 2 o 'clock; the cortex was aspirated by the vitrector, then the posterior vitrectorhexis of about 3.5 mm, and followed by limited anterior vitreous. Then, left aphakic or implanted IOL into the capsule bag. Different from the above, for children over 3 years old, the anterior capsulorhexis and the posterior capsulorhexis or vitrectorhexis were performed. For second-stage IOL implantation, the capsular bag was reopened followed by in-the bag IOL implantation. The IOL was fixed in the ciliary sulcus if the capsule was insufficient to implant the IOL into the capsular bag.
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