Curcumin was purchased from Bio Basic Inc., Ontario, Canada (cat. number CB0346), and imidazole, Ouabain, Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP), DIDS (4, 4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2V-disulfonic acid), amiloride hydrochloride, and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, India. Other chemicals of the highest purity were purchased from Merck, India, and HIMEDIA Labs, India. Digital pH meter Cyber scan PH 500 manufactured by Merck was used to measure the pH of solutions. Spectrophotometric measurements were performed on Shimadzu-UV-1800 (Japan) UV-VIS Spectrophotometer.
Curcumin
Manufactured by Bio Basic
Sourced in Canada
Curcumin is a natural compound extracted from the turmeric plant. It is a yellow-colored powder with a distinct aroma and flavor. Curcumin is commonly used in research and laboratory settings as a chemical standard and reagent for various analytical and experimental purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Imidazole, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ouabain, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cyber scan ph 500, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pepsin, by Bio Basic (2 mentions)
Pancreatin, by Bio Basic (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Amiloride hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Adenosine triphosphate (atp), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Uv vis spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Hydroxychloroquine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium, by Lonza (1 mentions)
Antibiotic antimycotic mixture, by Lonza (1 mentions)
Hydroxychloroquine, by Sanofi (1 mentions)
Hoechst dye, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cholesterol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trypan blue, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (mtt), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Revertaid first strand cdna synthesis kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
9 protocols using curcumin
1
Curcumin Bioactive Compound Analysis
2
Whey Protein Concentrate-MCT Emulsion Formulation
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Commercial whey protein concentrate (WPC) was obtained from Kalleh Dairy Ltd. (Amol, Iran). WPC had 81.2 g/100 g protein (dry basis), 5.3 g/100 g fat, 6.6 g/100 g lactose, and less than 3.0 g/100 g ash. Medium‐chain triglycerides (MCT‐60 with predominantly MCT C8 [Caprylic acid; 58.6%] and C10 [Capric acid; 41.4%]) were purchased from Kamani Oil Industries Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Curcumin (95% purity), pepsin (activity of more than 3000 units/mg), and pancreatin (200 units/mg) were obtained from Bio Basic Inc. (Canada). Tween‐80 and other chemicals used in this study were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and Sigma‐Aldrich. All chemicals were analytical grade.
3
Evaluating Antiviral Potential of Phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2
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Vero E6 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Lonza, Verviers, Belgium) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, New York, NY, USA), and 1% antibiotic–antimycotic mixture (Lonza). The cells were incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. An hCoV-19/Egypt/NRC-3/2020 SARS-CoV-2 virus (Accession Number on GSAID: EPI_ISL_430820) was propagated in Vero E6 cells and harvested after cytopathic effects (CPE) appearance. Viral stock was titred titrated using plaque infectivity assay and stored at −80 °C.
Curcumin (Bio Basic, Canada INC.), hesperidin (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), and quercetin (Molekula, Molekula, United Kingdom) compounds were evaluated for their potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Hydroxychloroquine (Sanofi, Paris, France) was used as a positive control antiviral drug throughout our study. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich) was used at 10% in water as a proper solvent of the three tested compounds as well as Hydroxychloroquine. The prepared stock solutions were sterilized by syringe filter with 0.2 micron pore size (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and stored at −20 °C.
Curcumin (Bio Basic, Canada INC.), hesperidin (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), and quercetin (Molekula, Molekula, United Kingdom) compounds were evaluated for their potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Hydroxychloroquine (Sanofi, Paris, France) was used as a positive control antiviral drug throughout our study. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich) was used at 10% in water as a proper solvent of the three tested compounds as well as Hydroxychloroquine. The prepared stock solutions were sterilized by syringe filter with 0.2 micron pore size (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and stored at −20 °C.
4
Curcumin-Loaded Nanoliposomes for Targeted Delivery
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Two types of nanoliposomes consisting of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) (AVANTI polar, USA): cholesterol (SIGMA, Germany): curcumin (BIO BASIC INC, CANADA) and DPPC: cholesterol: Hoechst dye (SIGMA, Germany) (with 10:1:1: and 10:1:1 molar ratios, respectively) were formulated by thin film hydration method ( 19 (link)
, 20 (link)
). Firstly, lyophilized phospholipids (cholesterol and DPPC) and hydrophobic drugs were weighed and dissolved in 1 mL of chloroform. Then, the solution was transferred to a round-bottomed flask and dried under a vacuum in a rotary evaporator with 150 rpm to form a lipid film. After that, the lipid film was hydrated by using PBS at 55 °C and 150 rpm for approximately 2 h. Finally, the liposomes were sonicated and stored at 4 °C. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) of curcumin was evaluated by using equation 1.
Equation 1: (EE) = Curinitial - Curfree / Curinitialwhere Curinitial is initial curcumin and Curfree stands for non-encapsulated curcumin in the supernatant after centrifugation.
, 20 (link)
). Firstly, lyophilized phospholipids (cholesterol and DPPC) and hydrophobic drugs were weighed and dissolved in 1 mL of chloroform. Then, the solution was transferred to a round-bottomed flask and dried under a vacuum in a rotary evaporator with 150 rpm to form a lipid film. After that, the lipid film was hydrated by using PBS at 55 °C and 150 rpm for approximately 2 h. Finally, the liposomes were sonicated and stored at 4 °C. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) of curcumin was evaluated by using equation 1.
Equation 1: (EE) = Curinitial - Curfree / Curinitialwhere Curinitial is initial curcumin and Curfree stands for non-encapsulated curcumin in the supernatant after centrifugation.
5
Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment
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Chloroform, methanol, Span 80 (Polysorbate 80), DCP (Dicetyl phosphate), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), cholesterol, SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate), and Amicon (Ultra-15-Membrane, MWCO 30,000 Da) were supplied from Merck (Isernhagen, Germany). Trypsin-EDTA, trypan blue, medium RPMI-1640, DMEM (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium), PBS (phosphate-buffered saline), FBS (fetal bovine serum), MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and penicillin/streptomycin 100 X were acquired from Gibco (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Sodium alginate and calcium chloride were provided from Sigma Aldrich (Munich, Germany). Dialysis membranes (MWCO 12,000 Da), MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, and MCF10A cell lines were received from Pasteur Cell Bank (Tehran, Iran). Curcumin was purchased from BIO BASIC (Markham, ON, Canada). An Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) assay kit (i.e., Apoptosis detection kit) was bought from Roche (Munich, Germany). An RNA extraction kit was procured from Qiagen (Valencia, CA, USA). A RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Fermentas, Vilnius, Lithuania) was used to synthesize the cDNA.
6
Curcumin Spectrophotometric Analysis Protocol
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Curcumin ((1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) was purchased from Bio Basic Inc., Ontario, Canada (cat. # CB0346), and Imidazole, Ouabain, ATP, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, India. Other chemicals of highest purity were purchased from Merck, India, and HIMEDIA Labs, India. Spectrophotometric measurements were performed on Shimadzu-UV-1800 (Japan) UV–VIS spectrophotometer.
7
Curcumin and Antioxidant Enzyme Assay
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Curcumin (specification: 100 g/box, lot no.: 20181209) was purchased from Bio Basic, Canada. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) detection kits were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
8
Curcumin Antioxidant Assay Protocol
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Curcumin was purchased from Bio Basic Inc., Ontario, Canada (cat. number #CB0346). DMPD (N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, India. Other chemicals of highest purity were purchased from Merck, India, and HIMEDIA Labs, India. Digital pH meter Cyber scan PH 500 manufactured by Merck was used to measure the pH of solutions. Spectrophotometric measurements were performed on UV-VIS Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu-UV-1800, Japan).
9
Whey Protein Isolate Antioxidant Assessment
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WPI with more than 90% protein content was supplied from Arla Food Ingredients (Viby J, Denmark). Curcumin, pepsin, and pancreatin were obtained from Bio Basic Company (Bio Basic Inc., Canada). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) or ABTS were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Also, all of the other chemicals used in this research were of analytical grade.
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