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36 protocols using mes hydrate

1

Polycarbonate Surface Functionalization

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Polycarbonate (PC, granular, 3 mm nominal size), (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), 99%, succinic anhydride, ≥99%, N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), ≥98%, N-N-Diisopropylethylamine (EDIPA), 99.5%, MES hydrate, ≥99.5%, dodecylethyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), ≥98%, and 6-aminofluorescein, ≥95% were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). PMSQ (Tospearl 120, dimeter of ~2 µm) were purchased from Momentive, Waterford, NY, USA. Silica nanoparticles (Aerosil OX 50, 40 nm, Evonik, Hanau, Germany). Methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile (ACN), toluene, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) of analytical grade with purity ≥99%, as well as ultra-pure deionized water (ULS/MS grade) were used as received without further purification. 2-(4-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals. Buffer 0.05 M was prepared by dissolving the appropriate amount of MES in deionized water.
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2

Optimized Cell Culture Reagents Protocol

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Albumin Bovine Fraction V, pH 7.0, was from Serva (Huissen, The Netherlands), 2-butanol, glutardialdehyde solution 25%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, paraformaldehyde (PFA), sodium hydroxide pellets, Triton X-100 were from Merck (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), calcium chloride dehydrate, catalase from Aspergillus niger, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, EGTA, gelatin from porcine skin (300 g Bloom), glucose oxidase ethanol, hydrochloric acid, MES hydrate, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) tablets, petroleum ether, sodium borohydride were from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Cysteamine hydrochloride–MEA, D-(+)-glucose anhydrous were from Fluka (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Murine epidermal growth factor (EGF) was from Invitrogen (Breda, The Netherlands). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from APS (Bedford, UK). PIPES was from Fisher Scientific (Breda, The Netherlands). Precision tissue wipes were from Kimtech Science (Ede, The Netherlands).
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3

Surface Functionalization for Biosensing Applications

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The materials used in this study included glass substrates (7059 glass; Corning Inc., Corning, NY, USA), SiO2 sputter target (purity ≥99.99%, THIFINE Co. Ltd., Incheon, Republic of Korea), indium tin oxide (ITO) sputter target (purity ≥99.99%, THIFINE Co. Ltd.), SnO2 sputter target (purity ≥99.99%, THIFINE Co. Ltd.), 30:1 buffered oxide etchant (BOE; J.T. Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ, USA), phosphosilicate glass (PSG; Filmtronics Inc., Butler, PA, USA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS; Sylgard 184 silicon elastomer; Dow corning, Midland, MI, USA), pH buffer solution (Samchun chemical, Pyeongtack, Republic of Korea), ethanol (Samchun chemical), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES; purity ≥99%, molecular weight = 221.37 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (4-CPBA; molecular weight = 165.94 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich), N-ethyl-N’-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC; purity ≥97%, molecular weight = 155.24 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS; purity ≥98%, molecular weight = 115.09 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich), MES hydrate (purity ≥99.5%, molecular weight = 195.24 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich), phosphate buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4, Sigma-Aldrich), deionized water (DI water; conductivity ≤4.3 μS/cm, Sigma-Aldrich), and DA hydrochloride (gene information = ADRB1, molecular weight = 189.64 g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich).
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4

Fluorescent Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization

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Carnauba wax, toluene, and ethyl acetate
were purchased from Acros Organics. Tween 20 (poly(ethylene glycol)
sorbitan monolaurate), squalene, and the chemicals used for buffer
preparation (glycine–HCl, MES hydrate, HEPES, NaHCO3, NaOH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Rice bran oil was purchased
from TEA Natura (TEA Prodotti Naturali di Manzotti P., Italy). TDI
dye (a drug mimetic, λexc = 630 nm, λem = 700 nm; the structure is given in Figure 1) was synthesized as reported previously.34 (link) Mouse IgG1 (clone: MOPC-21) and antihuman CD340
(erbB2/HER2; clone: 24D2) were purchased from Biozol Diognostica Vertrieb
GmbH and used as received. Sterile water (Braun Melsungen AG) was
used for the experiments unless otherwise stated.
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5

Peptide Synthesis via Fmoc SPPS

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All Fmoc-protected amino acids,
Wang resin, and hexafluorophosphate azabenzotriazole tetramethyl uronium
(HATU) were purchased from Matrix Innovation (Quebec, Canada). N,N′-dimethylformamide
(DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA),
piperidine, methanol, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), diethyl ether, and
ethanol were purchased from Bio-Lab (Jerusalem, Israel). Triisopropylsilane
(TIPS), thioanisole, 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT), acetic anhydride, hydroxybenzotriazole
(HOBT), N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein
[5(6)-FAM], and phenol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis,
Missouri, USA). Paraffin oil (puriss meets the analytical specification
of Ph. Eur., BP, a viscous liquid), dimethylaminopropyl-N′-ethylcarbodiimide
hydrochloride (EDC), and MES hydrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
HPLC-grade water was purchased from Alfa Aesar and was used as received
without further purification. The Sonics Vibra-cell ultrasonic liquid
processor, Model-VCX 750 (Newtown, CT, USA) was used for ultrasonication.
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6

Graphene Oxide Functionalization for Protein Immobilization

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Hydrofluoric acid (HF), undecylenic acid (UDA), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), MES hydrate, tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-NH-PEG-Amine (BOC-NH-PEG-NH2), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, FITC-labeled Protein A (PrA*) from S. aureus were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were purchased from Biotool.com (Houston, TX, USA) as a batch of 2 mg/mL in water with a nominal sheets size between 50 and 200 nm.
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7

Quantitative Mycotoxin Detection Assay

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OTA, OTB, ZEA, MES hydrate, tween 20, and methanol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and 96-microwell plates (U bottom) were purchased from SLP Life Sciences (Pocheon, Korea). The anti-OTA antibody was produced as previously described [31 (link)]. Nitrocellulose membranes and absorbent pads were purchased from Millipore Co. (Bedford, MA, USA) and Ahlstrome-Munksjö (Helsinki, Finland), respectively. Coffee was purchased from a local coffee shop (Gwangju, Korea).
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8

Functionalized Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles

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Titanium (IV) oxide (anatase, <25 nm), (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS, 95%), (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES, 99%), succinic anhydride (≥99%), DEX (>97%), 4-pentenoic acid (≥98%, FG), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, +98%), N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS, 98%), N-morpholino ethanesulfonic acid (MES) hydrate (>99.5%), PBS tablets, sodium acetate trihydrate (≥99%), sodium chloride (ACS reagent, ≥99%), citric acid monohydrate (ACS reagent, ≥99%), and disodium phosphate (ACS reagent, ≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Haverhill, UK. HPLC grade acetonitrile, glacial acetic acid, methanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and toluene were purchased from Fisher, Loughborough, UK. All other chemicals were analytical reagent grade stored according to manufacturer’s guidelines and used as received.
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9

Collagen Coating Crosslinking Protocol

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For further stabilization of the collagen coating, samples were additionally crosslinked (cl). According to Powell et al. [57 (link)], a 50 mM MES (4-Morpholineethanesulfonic) acid solution in 40 vol % ethanol (Ethanol EMSURE®, Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) was prepared using MES hydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany). 60 mM EDC (N-3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′ethylcarbodiimide, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany) and 60 mM NHS (N-Hydroxysuccinimide, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany) were dissolved in the MES buffer solution. Collagen-coated bioactive glass-based scaffolds were immersed in the crosslinking solution for 4 h at RT. Afterwards, samples were removed and washed in 0.1 M Na2HPO4 (disodium hydrogen phosphate, Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany) for 2 h to hydrolyze remaining O-acylisourea of the carbodiimide [58 (link),59 (link)]. Subsequently, scaffolds were washed in UPW and left to dry in air. Uncrosslinked samples are labeled as “uc”.
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10

Hoagland's Solution Preparation and Oxygen Concentration

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The base medium used for all the experiments in this study was 10% Hoagland’s solution. The full strength solution was prepared with Hoagland’s basal salt mixture (MP Bio, Solon, OH, USA) and adjusted with NaOH to have a final pH of 7.0. To maintain a stable pH, the stock solution was buffered with 1 mM MES hydrate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO USA) and stored at 4°C until use. The stock solution was freshly diluted with dH2O at 1:10. The diluted solution was then placed in 500-ml glass bottles leaving no or little room for air. Bottle filling was done 18–20 h ahead of experiment to allow temperature equilibrium. As measured with EcoSense® DO 200 meter (YSI Inc, South Burlington, VT, USA), dissolved oxygen concentration in the control solution (CK) as static 10% Hoagland’s solution at 23°C was 5.3 to 5.6 mg L-1.
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