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169 protocols using whatman no 2 filter paper

1

Allelopathic Effects of Saffron Extracts

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The aqueous extract of 9-year-old SC was prepared based on the method described by Zackrisson and Nilsson (1992) [45 (link)]. Briefly, 50 g of corm powder was dissolved in 1 L of distilled water (5% solution) and shaken at 100 rpm for 48 h. The solution was filtered through a Whatman filter paper (No. 2) and diluted to 75%, 50%, and 25% (as stock solution). In order to remove allelopathic interactions, 2 g of powdered activated carbon or zeolite was added to 100 mL of SC aqueous extract and shaken at 100 rpm for 12 h.
The stock solutions of saffron and non-SFS were prepared in 1 L of distilled water. In order to evaluate the effect of activated carbon and zeolite on the allelopathic activity of the extracts, 2 g of activated carbon or zeolite was added to 100 mL of saffron and non-SFS (10% solution) aqueous extract of SFS. Then, each extract (through a Whatman No. 2 filter paper) and 50 lettuce seeds were placed into Petri dishes. Distilled water was used as a control. The procedure was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with five replications.
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2

Transmission Electron Microscopy of TTR Fibrils

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The TTR sample in Fig. 3A was imaged using a Joel 1011 microscope operating at 80 kV. Samples were deposited on fresh continuous carbon films prepared from copper rhodium grids (Electron Microscopy Sciences). Grids were charged using a glow discharger for 15 seconds at 3 mA negative discharge before adding samples. Fibril solutions of 1 mg/mL were adsorbed to grids for 2 minutes before rinsing with 10 μL ddH20 for 10 seconds. Samples were then blotted using No. 2 Whatman Filter paper and stained with freshly filtered 2% uranyl acetate for 15 seconds.
Supplementary Figure S3’s TTR samples (0.2 mg/mL WT TTR in 140 mM NH4CH3COO, pH 4.5) were incubated with and without 70 nM misTTR antibody for 72 hours at 37 °C and 600RPM agitation. Samples were imaged using a Joel 1200 microscope operating at 80 kV at 1 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr time points. Samples were deposited on carbon films prepared from copper rhodium grids (Electron Microscopy Sciences). Grids were charged using a glow discharger for 4–5 seconds at 3 mA prior to sample deposition. Samples were allowed 60 seconds for binding prior to wicking off with No. 2 Whatman Filter paper and then stained with freshly filtered 2% uranyl acetate for 10 seconds.
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3

Extraction of E. cava Compounds

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The E. cava specimens used in this study were collected from Aewol-eup, Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Fresh E. cava was washed with water and dried at 65°C. Then, the dry seaweed was immersed in 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol for 24 h to prepare the ECE, while the ECPE was prepared by extracting dry E. cava at 60°C for 6 h with 10 times the 70% (v/v) aqueous ethanol. The ECE and ECPE were filtered through Whatman No. 2 filter paper (Whatman International Ltd., UK), concentrated, and lyophilized.
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4

Acetone Extraction of Curcuma longa Rhizome

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The extraction process for obtaining an acetone extract of C. Longa rhizome (AECUL) followed the standard procedure described by Imafidon et al41 and Adekunle et al42 Fresh rhizomes of C. Longa were peeled and weighed. Thereafter, they were crushed in 80% acetone (1:2 w/v) with a Waring blender (Waring Commercial) for 5 minutes. The resulting mixture was homogenized using a polytron homogenizer for about 3 minutes and the homogenate was filtered under vacuum using a Buchner funnel and Whatman no. 2 filter paper (Whatman PLC). The filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator under vacuum (40°C) and thereafter freeze‐dried in a lyophilizer (Ilshin Lab. Co. Ltd) at −40°C. The resulting acetone extract of C. Longa (AECUL) was weighed and kept in a desiccator until needed.
Acetone was used for the extraction process because it has been reported in the literature to extract high quantities of flavonoids and polyphenols from plant samples. These important phytochemicals have health‐boosting pharmacological activities.41, 42
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5

Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Berries

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BR fruits (60 g) were crushed by hand and mixed with 80% (v/v) ethanol solution (300 mL) for 1 h by an overhead stirrer (WiseStir HS-30D, Daihan Scientific, Wonju, Korea). The extract was filtered with Whatman No. 2 filter paper (Whatman International Ltd., Maidstone, UK). The filtrate was concentrated using a vacuum rotary evaporator (A-10005, Eyela Co., Tokyo, Japan). The concentrate was freeze-dried using a freeze dryer (FDI06-85, Soritech, Hwaseong, Korea) to obtain powder form of the extract and stored at −20 °C for further studies.
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6

Adult Feeding Assay for Drosophila

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The adult feeding assay was performed according to the methods of Wang et al.33 (link) and Bahadorani et al.79 (link). Groups of 15 newly emerged male elav < APP/BACE-1 flies were cultured on standard media for 3 days and then starved for 20 h in vials containing three layers of Whatman no. 2 filter paper (Whatman, Maidstone, UK) soaked in DW. The flies were then transferred into vials containing media (with 0.2% Acid red) supplemented with acacetin (100, 300, and 500 μM) in 0.1% DMSO. The controls were fed with media supplemented with 0.2% Acid red and 0.1% DMSO. After 2 h of feeding, the abdomens were isolated and homogenized in 1 mL DW. After centrifugation (5000 rpm, 25 °C, 5 min), the optical density (OD) of the supernatant was measured at 505 nm, because this OD value is considered to index the amount of food intake by flies, as described by Min and Tatar80 (link). All treatments were repeated three times using 15 males per replicate.
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7

Quantification of Starch Content in Flour

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Starch content of the flour samples was quantified as described by Onitilo et al. (26 (link)) with minor modification. A mixture of 0.02 g of sample, 1 ml of 80% ethanol, 2 ml of distilled water, and 10 ml of hot 80% ethanol was centrifuged at 2,000 rpm for 10 min. The solid residue was hydrolyzed with 7.5 ml of concentrated perchloric acid for 1 h. Afterward, the hydrolysate was diluted to 25 ml with distilled water and filtered through a Whatman (No. 2) filter paper. Next, 0.05 ml of the filtrate, 0.5 ml of 5% phenol solution, and 2.5 ml of H2SO4 were mixed in a test tube, and allowed to cool to room temperature, after which the absorbance was read at 490 nm. Starch content of sample was calculated using a D-glucose calibration curve.
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8

Extraction of Artemisia capillaris Herb

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A. capillaris was purchased from Kwangmyungdang Medicinal herbs (Ulsan, Korea) in September 2009. These materials were confirmed taxonomically by Professor Je-Hyun Lee of Dongguk University, Korea. A voucher specimen (AC-2009-EBM30) has been deposited at the Herbal Medicine Formulation Research Group at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine.
The 300 g sample of dried A. capillaris was extracted with 70% EtOH (3 L × 3) by sonication for 60 min. The extract solution was filtered through Whatman No. 2 filter paper (150 mm diameter, Buckinghamshire, UK) and evaporated to dryness using a rotary evaporator. The yield of 70% EtOH extract was 8.30% (24.89 g).
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9

Ethanolic Extraction of Jeju Codium

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PEEC was supplied by Seojin Biotech Co., Ltd. (Republic of Korea). EC was collected from Aewol-eup, Jeju-island, Republic of Korea. Fresh EC was washed with distilled water and dried. Dry EC was extracted with 10 multiples of 50% (v/v) fermentation ethanol at 60°C for 6 h. The extract was filtered through Whatman no. 2 filter paper (Whatman International Ltd., England), concentrated, and then lyophilized.
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10

Moisture and Salinity Analysis Protocol

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The moisture content of samples was determined using an MB45 moisture analyzer (Ohaus, Greifensee, Switzerland). About 3 g of sample were placed in the sample holder and dried until a constant weight was obtained. Salinity was measured by Mohr's titration (Chen, Hsieh, Weng, & Chiou, 2005). Samples (1 g) were homogenized in 100 ml distilled water and then filtered through Whatman No. 2 filter paper (Whatman, Springfield, UK). A 1 ml volume of 2% potassium chromate indicator was added to 10 ml of the filtered sample solution, and the mixture was titrated against 0.02 N AgNO3 until the end point (a red‐brown color) was reached.
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