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15 protocols using fitc labeled goat anti mouse igg

1

Reactive Oxygen Species Sensing Nanoplatform

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Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl2•4H2O), tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution (TMA, 1.0 M), bovine serum protein (BSA), and 2′,7′-dichloroflourescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. NH2-PEG3000 and chlorin e6 (Ce6) were purchased from JenKem Technology and Frontier, respectively. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30 wt.%) solution was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were bought from KeyGen BioTech and Gibco, respectively. HIF-1α antibody (mouse monoclonal antibody) and FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology. All solutions were prepared by using ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ).
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2

Adrenal Gland Immunohistochemistry Protocol

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Human adrenal glands were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at 4℃ overnight, and transferred sequentially to 10%, 20%, and 30% sucrose / PBS. Tissues were embedded by OCT, and placed at −80℃. Tissues were sectioned (Leica CM1950 cryostat) into 20 μm slices and dried at room temperature. Slices were post-fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, washed (cold PBS), incubated in 0.5% PBST for 10 min, and blocked (10% horse serum, 0.3% PBST) for 2 hours at room temperature. Slices were then incubated in primary antibody solution [primary antibody (mouse anti-CaV1.2: 1:200, AB11001554, Neuromab; mouse anti-CaV1.3: 1:200, AB10673964, Neuromab; mouse anti-CaV3.1: 1:200, AB2069421 Neuromab; rabbit anti-CaV3.2: 1:200, #ACC-025, Alomone; rabbit anti-CaV3.3: 1:200, #ACC-009, Alomone; rabbit anti-CYP11B2: 1:200, #ab168388, Abcam), 1% horse serum, and 0.3% PBST] for 1 day at 4℃. Slices were washed with PBS, and incubated in secondary antibody solution [secondary antibody (Cy3-labled goat anti-rabbit IgG or FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG, 1:500, Beyotime), containing 1% horse serum, and 0.3% PBST] at 4℃ overnight. After washing with PBS, slices were treated with DAPI. Confocal images were obtained using a Leica SP2 confocal microscope.
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining of Myosin Heavy Chain

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PSCs were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 30 min, respectively. After three washes, the cells were blocked in QuickBlock™ Blocking Buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) for 2 h, incubated with a primary antibody overnight and incubated with a secondary antibody for 1 h, in turn. Finally, the nuclei were stained with DAPI reagent. Images of at least three random fields of view were captured using a Nikon ECLIPSE Ti microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) and quantified using ImageJ. The primary antibody was MyHC (sc-376157; Santa Cruz; Delaware, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The secondary antibody was FITC-labeled Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (A0568; Beyotime, Shanghai, China).
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4

Osteogenic Differentiation Marker Expression

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HAECs, hBMSCs, and hAFMSCs cultured in the osteogenic medium and EXP-CM for 10 days were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100. Nonspecific binding sites were blocked with 5% BSA. After coincubation with primary rabbit polyclonal anti-human OPN antibodies (1 : 100, Proteintech Group, USA) and primary mouse monoclonal anti-human Runx2 antibodies (1 : 100, ProSci Incorporated, USA) over night, the samples were washed and coincubated with Cy3-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (1 : 1000, Beyotime, China) and FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (1 : 1000, Beyotime, China). At the end of the incubation, the samples were counterstained with DAPI (1 : 5000, Beyotime, China). The Cy3, FITC, and DAPI images were taken separately using a fluorescence microscope (DP72; Olympus, Japan) equipped with a digital image capture system (Olympus).
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5

Immunofluorescence Assay of Viral Infection

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We performed immunofluorescence assay at day 9 postinfection according to previous research on primary hippocam-pal cells.32 (link) Cells were fixed in 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde for 15 minutes, then treated with 0.25% (v/v) Triton X-100 for 10 minutes, and blocked with 5% (w/v) BSA for 40 minutes. Neurons were incubated with rabbit anti-MAP2 antibody (1:2,000 dilution; Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) and mouse anti-P24 monoclonal antibody (1:200 dilution) overnight at 4°C, followed by Cy3-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:500 dilution; Beyotime Biotechnology) and FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (1:500 dilution; Beyotime Biotechnology) for 1 hour. Finally, the cells were stained with DAPI (1:5,000 dilution; Beyotime Biotechnology). The cells were imaged using an inverted fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
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6

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cells

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The cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, and washing with PBS three times. The cells were covered with 0.1%tritonX-100 following incubation for 30 min. After washing with PBS, cells were blocked with goat serum. Subsequently, the primary antibodies (CD31, 1:200, Abcam, Cambridge, UK; FSP1, 1:200, Affinity, Jiangsu, China) were added with cells at 4°C overnight. After clearing the primary antibodies, cells were stained with secondary antibodies (Cy3-labeled goat-anti-rabbit IgG, 1:200, Beyotime, Haimen, China; FITC-labeled goat-anti-mouse IgG, 1:200, Beyotime) for 60 min at room temperature. Following staining with DAPI, cells were observed under a fluorescence microscope.
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7

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Mitochondria and Lysosomes

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MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded in confocal dishes with different treatments, fixed with paraformaldehyde, and permeabilized with 0.2% Triton-X. After blocking with 5% BSA, cells were incubated with rabbit anti-TOM20 (CST, #42406) or rabbit anti-HSP60 (CST, #4870) overnight at 4 °C. After washing and incubating with FITC-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (Beyotime, China) or Cy3-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (Beyotime, China). For immunofluorescence co-localization, cells with different treatments were fixed, permeabilized and blocked as mentioned above, and incubated with rabbit anti-LAMP1 (abcam, ab208943) and mouse anti-COX IV (abcam, ab33985) overnight at 4 °C, and then incubated with Cy3-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (Beyotime, China) and FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (Beyotime, China). All of the cells were stained by DAPI (Abcam,Cambridge,UK), and observed by ZEISS LSM 880 (Carl Zeiss, Germany).
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8

Immunofluorescent Localization of MLKL

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Four percent paraformaldehyde‐fixed atria were embedded in OCT compound, snap‐frozen and sliced into 5‐µm‐thick sections using a freezing microtome (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Cryosections were fixed and permeabilized with ice‐cold acetone and blocked with 5% BSA at room temperature before incubated with mouse anti‐MLKL antibody (1:200, Millipore, Merck KGaA) at 4℃ overnight. FITC‐labeled goat‐anti‐mouse IgG (1:200, Beyotime, Shanghai, China) was added sequentially, and the nuclei were stained with DAPI. Finally, the slides were mounted with 50% glycerol and observed under confocal microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) for fluorescent signal analysis.
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9

Pneumococcal Binding Assay in A549 Cells

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A549 cells (Type II epithelial lung carcinoma cells, ATCC) were cultured on 24-well plates with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) accompanied by 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) without antibiotics to a concentration of 3×105 cells/ml. S. pneumoniae (19F, ZMU3H13628) (5×106 CFU/ml, 0.1 ml) was incubated with the anti-NanAT1-Tuf-PlyD4 antisera for 30 mins. Then, the bacterial suspension was added into the A549 cell culture wells and incubated for 1 h at 37°C. Next, FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) was added to indicate the reacted cells, which were photographed and merged. The antisera from adjuvant-immunized mice were used as controls.
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10

HN Protein Expression and Detection

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293T cells grown to 80% confluency in 6-well plates were transfected with 2 μg of plasmid (wild-type or mutant HN) diluted in 200 μL jetPRIME buffer (Polyplus-transfection SA) for 4 h at 37°C. The transfection medium was replaced with grown medium and cells were incubated for 24 h. The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, blocked with 2% bovine serum albumin for 1 h and incubated with HN monoclonal antibody at 4°C overnight. After washing, the cells were incubated by FITC-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (Beyotime, China) for 30 min, and subsequently incubated with DAPI for 5 min. The fluorescence was observed by an inverted fluorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan). For detecting the binding of sCVPS to HN, the sCVPS-FITC was incubated with transfected cells instead of HN antibody at 4°C for 30 min, and the secondary antibody is no longer used for observation.
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