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4 protocols using flavourzyme

1

Immunomodulatory Effects of Hetian Chicken Protein Hydrolysates

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Hetian chicken was purchased from the Hetian Chicken Development Co., Ltd. (Fujian, China). Neutrase, Bromelain, Papain, Flavourzyme, and Protamex were obtained from the Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). CTX was purchased from the Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). The CAR and ANS standards were acquired from the Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Levamisole was purchased from the Novozymes (China) Investment Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were procured from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Concanavalin A (con A) and 3[4,5-dimethylththiazoyl-2-yl]2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for the immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), nitric oxide (NO), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and protein kinase A (PKA) were purchased from the Meimian Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). All chemical reagents were of analytical grade.
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2

Antler Bone Bioactive Compound Extraction

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Fresh antler bone was provided by CHANG SHENG Deer Industry Co., Ltd. (Changchun, Jilin, China) and preserved at −20 °C until use. Malic acid was purchased from Wan Bang Industrial Co., Ltd. (Zhengzhou, China). Flavourzyme (≥20 units/mg) and d-galactose were obtained from Yuanye Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). DMEM/F-12, penicillin-streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and other reagents were obtained from Gibco (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), respectively. Other reagents were commercially available and of analytical grade or higher.
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3

Enzymatic Characterization for Glucose Inhibition

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Alcalase 2.4L (2.4 AU-A/g) from Bacillus licheniformis was procured from Nanjing Chengna Chemical Company Limited (Nanjing, PR China), bromelain (300 U/mg) from pineapple, Flavourzyme (20 U/mg) from Aspergillus oryzae, trypsin (250 USP U/mg) from bovine pancreas, α-amylase (50 U/mg) from Bacilus subtilis, α-glucosidase (50 U/mg) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG, ≥99%), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT, ≥99%), acarbose (≥98%), RPMI 1640 medium and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) were procured from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Company Limited (Shanghai, PR China). HT-29 cell was purchased from the Cell Bank of Type Culture Collection of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, PR China). All other used reagents were of high purity and analytical grade.
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4

Sauce-Flavored Daqu Metabolite Analysis

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The sauce-flavored high-temperature Daqu samples were provided by Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd. (Zunyi, China). At the end of Daqu fermentation on day 40, 39 samples were randomly collected from different parts of the Daqu fermentation rooms. After treatment with liquid nitrogen, the samples were stored at −40°C for later use. Among them, BQ 1, BQ 2, and BQ 3 were three parallel samples of BQ; YQ 1, YQ 2, and YQ 3 were three parallel samples of YQ; and WQ 1, WQ 2, and WQ 3 were three parallel samples of WQ. These nine samples were used to evaluate the metabolites of Daqu. BQ I-X, YQ I-X, and WQ I-X were the other 10 samples of BQ, YQ, and WQ, respectively, used to determine the content of melanoidins. The raw materials wheat and mother Daqu for Daqu-making were provided by Kweichow Moutai Co., Ltd.
The chemical reagents used in the experiment were of analytical or chromatographic grade. Methanol, acetonitrile, ammonium acetate, and formic acid were purchased from CNW Technologies (Düsseldorf, Germany). α-Amylase, amyloglucosidase, dispase, and Flavourzyme were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). DNS color reagent (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid) was purchased from Beijing Soleibao Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Ninhydrin and reduced ninhydrin were purchased from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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