Cytidine 5 monophosphate

Sources of mononucleotides: adenosine 5’-monophosphate (US Biochemical, Thermo Fisher Waltham, MA, USA), uridine 5’-monophosphate (P-L Biochemicals, Milwaukee, WI, USA), guanosine 5’ monophosphate (MP Biochemicals, Irvine, CA, USA), cytidine 5’-monophosphate (Sigma-Aldrich St. Louis, MO, USA). The adenosine and uridine, or cytidine and guanosine nucleosides were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. We used ultra-pure deionized water (Milli-Q, St. Louis, MO, USA) from a Millipore system to prepare 10 mM solutions of the nucleotides.
Mica was purchased from SPI Supplies (West Chester, PA, USA) (Mica grade v-4). We used specially designed glass slides having three small Scotch tape was used to repeatedly cleave the mica until a complete cleavage was achieved (usually 3–5 times). wells (1.5 cm in diameter and 0.5 mm deep) to run the wet–dry cycles on glass. Prior to use, the glass slides were cleaned in tap water, ethanol, ultra-pure deionized Milli-Q, then exposed for 40 min to ozone cleaning in a UV/Ozone procleaner from Bioforce nanosciences (Chicago, IL, USA). In addition to the controls described in the text, we ran blind tests with wet–dry cycles using only (Milli-Q) water to verify the cleaning procedures. This assured that the rings were not created by an unknown contaminant in the water.

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP), uridine 5′-monophosphate (UMP), guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP), cytidine 5′-monophosphate (CMP), and ribose 5′-monophosphate (rMP) were purchased as disodium salts from Sigma-Aldrich (Bangalore, India) and used without further purification. The phospholipid, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). All other reagents used were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Bangalore, India).

l-Lactic dehydrogenase
(LDH, L2500), PK (P1506), cytidine 5′-monophosphate
(CMP, C1006), bovine serum albumin (BSA, A3059), N-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N′-(2-ethanesulfonic
acid), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES,
H3375), CMP-sialic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac, C1006), uridine 5′-diphosphate
disodium (UDP, 94330), phosphoenolpyruvic acid monopotassium salt
(PEP-K, 860077), adenosine 5′-triphosphate disodium salt trihydrate
(ATP, 10519979001), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and
reduced disodium salt hydrate (NADH, 10128023001) were all purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. Other substrates, cytidine diphosphate (CDP, NC09380),
guanosine diphosphate (GDP, FG152484), galacto-N-biose
(OA01686), lacto-N-biose (OL01707), T-Bn (OB05157),
GalNAc-Ser (MA07378), GDP-l-fucose disodium salt (GDP-Fuc,
MG01912), UDP-α-d-galactose disodium (UDP-Gal, MU58246),
and the inhibitor Soyasaponin1 (FS65454) were all purchased from Biosynth
(Carbosynth).

The list of the ANPs and chemotherapeutics used in this study is provided in Tables S1 and Figure S9. The source of other chemical reagents was as follows: Uridine (Urd) and adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) Calbiochem; cytidine (Cyd), Valeant Pharmaceuticals; cytidine-5′-monophosphate (CMP), uridine-5′-monophosphate (UMP), 2′-deoxycytidine-5′-monophosphate (dCMP) and 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-monophosphate (dUMP), Sigma-Aldrich; arabinocytidine-5′-monophosphate (araCMP), [5-³H]-radiolabeled CDV and [5-³H]-uridine, Moravek Biochemicals; and [5-³H]-radiolabeled cytidine, MP Biochemicals.

Eighty dried samples of T. matsutake were collected in accordance with official sampling requirements [19 ] from the mountain areas of Xiaojin County, Jiulong County, Yajiang County, Kangding County, Muli County, and Lixian County in Sichuan Province, China. Fifteen authentic standards of adenosine (A), cytidine (C), guanosine (G), inosine (I), thymidine (T), uridine (U), xanthosine dehydrate (X), 2′-deoxyadenosine (dA), 2′-deoxycytidine (dC), 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG), 2′-deoxyuridine (dU), adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP), cytidine 5′-monophosphate (CMP), guanosine 5′-monophosphate (GMP), and uridine 5′-monophosphate (UMP) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The Milli-Q water purification system was used to prepare ultra-pure water for the UPLC analysis (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). The solvent ammonium acetate, acetonitrile, and diethylamine with LC-MS grade for UPLC-MS analysis were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, St.Louis, MO, USA). Other chemicals and solvents of analytical grade were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Sources of mononucleotides: adenosine 5′-monophosphate (Sigma-Aldrich), uridine 5′-monophosphate (P-L Biochemicals), guanosine 5′ monophosphate (Sigma-Aldrich), cytidine 5′-monophosphate (Sigma-Aldrich). We used ultra-pure deionized water (Milli-Q) from a Millipore system to prepare 10 mM solutions of the nucleotides. All solutions were filtered using Pierce™ Protein Concentrators PES, 3K MWCO, 0.5 mL, centrifuged at 14,000 rpm.
Mica was purchased from SPI Supplies (Mica grade v-4). Scotch tape was used to repeatedly cleave the mica until a complete cleavage was achieved after 3–5 times. In addition to the controls described in the text, we ran blind tests with wet-dry cycles using only Milli-Q water to verify the cleaning procedures. This assured that the polymers and rings were not due to an unknown contaminant in the water.