Quartz capillaries

Manufactured by Sutter Instruments

Quartz capillaries are hollow, cylindrical glass tubes made from high-quality quartz material. They are designed for precision fluid handling and sample delivery applications in scientific and research laboratories. Quartz capillaries offer exceptional thermal and chemical resistance, as well as consistent inner diameter for reliable and reproducible results.

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Lab products found in correlation

P 2000 capillary puller, by Sutter Instruments (2 mentions) High resolution sputter coater, by Quorum Technologies (2 mentions) Fei dual beam 235, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Axopatch 200b, by Molecular Devices (2 mentions) P 2000 laser puller, by Sutter Instruments (2 mentions) P 2000, by Sutter Instruments (1 mentions) Dichloromethane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Potassium chloride (kcl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Sp 200 potentiostat, by Bio-Logic (1 mentions) P 2000 pipette puller, by Sutter Instruments (1 mentions) Quattro esem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) P 2000 laser based micropipette puller, by Sutter Instruments (1 mentions) Pcie 6351, by National Instruments (1 mentions) 4s gelred, by Sangon (1 mentions) Engen lba cas12a cpf1, by New England Biolabs (1 mentions) Streptavidin coated magnetic beads, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dna marker, by Sangon (1 mentions) Qf100 50 10, by Sutter Instruments (1 mentions) Loading buffer, by Takara Bio (1 mentions) Nebuffer 2, by New England Biolabs (1 mentions)

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Quartz glass capillaries (2 citations)

11 protocols using quartz capillaries

Nanopore Fabrication and Characterization

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Nanopore fabrication began with quartz capillaries (Sutter Instrument Co.) of 7.5 cm in length, 1.00 mm in outer diameter, and 0.70 mm in inner diameter. Capillaries were plasma cleaned for 5 min before laser-assisted machine pulling to remove any surface contaminations. Afterwards, quartz capillaries were placed within the P-2000 laser puller (Sutter Instrument Co.) and a one-line protocol was used: (1) HEAT: 630; FIL: 4; VEL: 61; DEL: 145; PULL: between 135 and 195. This resulted in two identical, conical nanopores. The heat duration was ~4.5 s.
Electrodes were constructed using silver wires dipped in bleach for 30 min followed by thorough rinsing with water to remove any residual bleach. Freshly pulled nanopipettes were then backfilled with either 10 mM KCl (Sigma Adlrich), LiCl (Sigma Adlrich), or CsCl (Alfa Aesar) buffered at pH~7.4 using the Tris-EDTA buffer (Fisher BioReagents). The conductivities of each alkali chloride were recorded using an Accumet AB200 pH/Conductivity Benchtop Meter (Fisher Scientific). The results were as follows: 10 mM KCl = 0.26 S/m, 10 mM LiCl = 0.23 S/m, and 10 mM CsCl = 0.26 S/m at room temperature. An optical microscope was used to inspect the nanopipettes at this stage for any irregularities. Once the nanopipettes had been inspected, electrodes were connected to the head stage of the Axopatch 200B (Molecular Devices).

Lastra L.S., Bandara Y.M., Nguyen M., Farajpour N, & Freedman K.J. (2022). On the origins of conductive pulse sensing inside a nanopore. Nature Communications, 13, 2186.

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Nanopipet Fabrication and Characterization

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Nanometer-scale pipet electrodes were fabricated by laser pulling of quartz capillaries (Sutter Instrument Co., Novato CA; O.D. = 1.0 mm, I.D. = 0.7 mm, length = 10 cm) using a P-2000 capillary puller (Sutter Instrument Co., Novato, CA). The pulled pipets were then silanized via vapor deposition as described elsewhere.^{40 (link),45} Pipets were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and ion-transfer voltammetry. For SEM imaging, the nanopipets were coated with a thin Au/Pd film by a high-resolution sputter coater (Quorum Technologies LTD, Kent, UK), and the orifices were observed by high resolution field emission SEM (FEI dual-beam 235, FEI Co., Hillsboro OR, USA) under a 20 kV electron beam.

Colombo M.L., McNeil S., Iwai N., Chang A, & Shen M. (2015). Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine via Assisted Ion Transfer at Nanopipet Electrode Using Cyclic Voltammetry. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 163(4), H3072-H3076.

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Nanopipette Fabrication and Filling

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Quartz
capillaries (Sutter)
with a 0.5 mm/0.3 mm (inner/outer) diameter were sonicated in ethanol
for 10 min before drying under a nitrogen stream and baking at 60
°C to remove residual ethanol. Capillaries were pulled to a nominal
inner diameter of 150 nm using a laser-assisted puller (Sutter P-2000).
The expected morphology and pore diameter were confirmed by SEM; see
the SI for images and the pore-size distribution.
Back-end of capillaries were submerged in to desired salt solution
and placed in a vacuum desiccator to induce capillary filling. Filled
capillaries were inserted into a holder (Axopatch Holder with Suction
Port), which could be mounted to an Axopatch head stage.

Caglar M., Silkina I., Brown B.T., Thorneywork A.L., Burton O.J., Babenko V., Gilbert S.M., Zettl A., Hofmann S, & Keyser U.F. (2019). Tunable Anion-Selective Transport through Monolayer Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride. ACS Nano, 14(3), 2729-2738.

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Nanopipet Fabrication and Characterization

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Fabrication of Glucose Nanosensors

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Glucose nanosensors with an outside diameter of 1.00 mm and an inside diameter of 0.70 mm were fabricated from quartz capillaries (Sutter Instrument, Novato, CA) using a P-2000 laser puller (Sutter Instrument, Novato, CA) as described elsewhere [19] (link). Briefly, to create glucose nanosensors, the nanopipettes were modified as follows: Pulled nanopipettes were backfilled with a 15 μl solution containing 10 mM Ferrocene prepared in 100 mM PBS (pH 7, supplemented with 0.1 M KCl). An Ag/AgCl electrode was placed into the nanopipette as a working electrode while another Ag/AgCl electrode was immersed in the cell media as a reference/counter electrode. Nanopipettes were modified with PLL by backfilling the nanopipette interior. Then nanopipette surface was treated with a 10% (v/v) solution of glutaraldehyde (GA) for 30 min. GOx (900 mU) was then reacted with the activated nanopipette walls. All glucose nanosensors were calibrated in DMEM with standard glucose concentrations.

Chaves G., Özel R.E., Rao N.V., Hadiprodjo H., Costa Y.D., Tokuno Z, & Pourmand N. (2017). Metabolic and transcriptomic analysis of Huntington’s disease model reveal changes in intracellular glucose levels and related genes. Heliyon, 3(8), e00381.

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Fabrication of Cavity and Open-Tube Carbon Nanopipette Electrodes

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Nanopipettes were heat-pulled from quartz capillaries (1.0mm outer diameter and 0.5/0.7 inner diameter, Sutter Instrument, Novato, CA) and their inside was coated with carbon by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to yield open tube or cavity CNPEs. Specifically, nanopipettes with tip diameters of 200-400 nm were pulled using pulling programs based on HEAT=650, FIL=3, VEL= 22, DEL=135, PULL=85. Cavity CNPEs were fabricated by 1 hour CVD with methane and argon (1:1 ratio) at 945°C, while an open tube CNPE was fabricated by 45 min CVD with methane and argon (5:3 ratio) at 950°C. All the parameters were adjusted slightly to obtain required size and geometry.

Yang C., Hu K., Wang D., Zubi Y., Lee S.T., Puthongkham P., Mirkin M.V, & Venton B.J. (2019). Cavity Carbon Nanopipette Electrodes for Dopamine Detection. Analytical chemistry, 91(7), 4618-4624.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Quartz Nanopipettes

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Quartz capillaries (0.7 mm i.d.,
1 mm o.d., Sutter Instruments) were used in the fabrication of the
quartz nanopipettes. The electrolyte employed in organic ICR experiments
was tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (99%, Alfa Aesar) dissolved
in acetonitrile (99.9%, Fisher Scientific) and dichloromethane (99%,
Fisher Scientific). Nanopipette radii were measured using potassium
chloride (99%, Acros Organics) dissolved in Milli-Q water with Ag/AgCl
wires (prepared using Ag wires (99.9%, Merck)) as working and reference
electrodes. Pt wires (99.9%, Merck) were used as electrodes in organic
electrolyte systems. All current–voltage traces were measured
using a Biologic SP-200 potentiostat fitted with an ultralow current
option and high-speed scan. Measurements were performed with a filter
band width of 50 kHz, and a moving average filter (window size 11
points) was applied after measurement using EC-Lab software to filter
the noise numerically.

Farrell E.B., Duleba D, & Johnson R.P. (2022). Aprotic Solvent Accumulation Amplifies Ion Current Rectification in Conical Nanopores. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, 126(30), 5689-5694.

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Nanopipette Fabrication and Characterization

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Quartz capillaries purchased from Sutter Instruments (OD: 1 mm & ID: 0.7 mm) were pulled using a P-2000 pipette puller (Sutter instrument). The pulling parameters used to obtain a tip diameter of 34 nm were: HEAT = 700, FIL = 4, VEL = 60, DEL = 150, PUL = 175. We noticed that the pulling parameters were influenced by several factors, such as the room humidity and S-4 pressure, and also the intrinsic features of the P-2000 instrument, such as laser alignment.
Pipettes were filled with pure degassed water following the filling principle described by Sun et al. 2 . After complete filling, nanopipettes were characterized and then coated by addition of L-DOPA solution (8.5 mg/ml) for 2 hours. Then, nanopipettes were carefully washed several times with degassed water to remove excess L-DOPA, and characterized to confirm L-DOPA presence inside the pipettes. The nanopipette geometry was determined by scanning electron microscopy using a Thermo Scientific Quattro ESEM, at high vacuum (10 kV). The contact angle was measured using laboratory-made equipment, and 6 µL deionized water for 10 seconds on quartz surfaces, before and after L-DOPA coating.

Meyer N., Bentin J., Janot J.M., Abrao-Nemeir I., Charles-Achille S., Pratlong M., Aquilina A., Trinquet E., Perrier V., Picaud F., Torrent J, & Balme S. (2023). Ultrasensitive Detection of Aβ42 Seeds in Cerebrospinal Fluid with a Nanopipette-Based Real-Time Fast Amyloid Seeding and Translocation Assay. Analytical chemistry, 95(34).

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Nanopipette Fabrication for SICM Imaging

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Nanopipette probes for SICM imaging were pulled from quartz capillaries (1.0 mm outer diameter, 0.50 mm inner diameter, 7 cm in length, Sutter Instruments, Novato, CA) using a P-2000 laser-based micropipette puller (Sutter Instruments). Pulling parameters can be varied, although a typical program is: heat=780, filament=4, velocity=16, delay=120, pull=135. The nanopipettes were filled with PBS solution and a Ag/AgCl electrode was inserted into the pipette prior to usage.

Wong Su S., Chieng A., Parres-Gold J., Chang M, & Wang Y. (2018). Real-time determination of aggregated alpha-synuclein induced membrane disruption at neuroblastoma cells using scanning ion conductance microscopy. Faraday discussions, 210(0), 131-143.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Conical Nanopores

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Conical nanopores with an average diameter of 17 +/-5 nm were fabricated by pulling quartz capillaries (Sutter Instrument) using a laser-assisted puller. 15, (link)21, (link)28 (link) The nanopores are embedded in a PDMS fluid cell with cis and trans reservoirs filled with 2 M LiCl, 1xTE (pH 8.0), unless otherwise specified. Current-voltage curves of each pore are measured in the electrolyte to allow for approximation of the pore size, further details of which are found in Section S2 of the SI. The DNA sample is then added to the cis reservoir and a bias voltage of 600 mV is applied to drive the DNA through the nanopore.
Current measurements were carried out using an Axopatch 200B patch-clamp amplifier (Molecular Devices, CA, USA) with an internal filter setting of 100 kHz. An external 8-pole analog low-pass Bessel filter with a cut-off frequency of 50 kHz (900CT, Frequency Devices, IL, USA or 3382, Krohn-Hite, MA, USA) further reduced the noise before recording with a data acquisition card (PCIe-6351, National Instruments, TX, USA) and a custom-written LabView program at 250 kHz.

Weckman N.E., Ermann N., Gutierrez R., Chen K., Graham J., Tivony R., Heron A, & Keyser U.F. (2019). Multiplexed DNA Identification Using Site Specific dCas9 Barcodes and Nanopore Sensing. ACS sensors, 4(8).

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