Ammonium molybdate

Manufactured by HiMedia

Sourced in India

Ammonium molybdate is a chemical compound that functions as a reagent for the colorimetric determination of phosphate in water and soil samples. It is used in analytical chemistry procedures to quantify the concentration of phosphate ions.

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5 protocols using ammonium molybdate

Phosphomolybdenum Assay for Antioxidant Capacity

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The phosphomolybdenum method of Prieto et al. [23 (link)] was used to estimate total antioxidant activity of the samples. Phosphomolybdenum buffer was prepared by mixing 0.6 M sulphuric acid (Merck, Germany), 28 mM sodium phosphate (Merck, Mumbai) and 4 mM ammonium molybdate (Himedia, India) using autoclaved distilled water. Plant extract of 0.3 ml was mixed with 3 ml of the prepared buffer and then incubated at 95 °C for 90 min. The assay works on the principle that molybdenum (VI) is reduced to molybdenum (V) by the plant extract and forms a green phosphomolybdate complex [24 (link)]. Absorbance was measured at wavelength (λ_max) of 695 nm. Total antioxidant activity was estimated as milligram ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) per gram of the fresh weight of P. ovata tissue using the ascorbic acid calibration curve.

Kundu D., Dey S, & Raychaudhuri S.S. (2018). Chromium (VI) – induced stress response in the plant Plantago ovata Forsk in vitro. Genes and Environment, 40, 21.

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Xylan and Arabinoxylan Extraction Protocol

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Kanamycin, ampicillin, and IPTG were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich
Co. LLC., USA. The analytical-grade reagents and chemicals, namely,
sodium chloride, sodium acetate, glucose, yeast, extract, peptone,
tryptone, di-potassium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, glycerol,
sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium potassium tartrate, sodium
sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate, trifluoroacetic acid
(TFA), Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250, and sodium arsenate were purchased
from Himedia Pvt. Ltd., India. The xylan substrate was purchased from
Carbosynth, UK, and rye arabinoxylan from Megazyme, Ireland.

Thakur A., Sharma A., Khaire K.C., Moholkar V.S., Pathak P., Bhardwaj N.K, & Goyal A. (2021). Two-Step Saccharification of the Xylan Portion of Sugarcane Waste by Recombinant Xylanolytic Enzymes for Enhanced Xylose Production. ACS Omega, 6(17), 11772-11782.

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Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Assays

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Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent, sodium carbonate, aluminium chloride, potassium acetate, quercetin, Mueller-Hilton agar medium, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), potassium persulfate, ammonium molybdate, trisodium phosphate, potassium ferrocyanide, glucose, hemoglobin, sodium azide, 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid, ascorbic acid and α-amylase were purchased from Himedia (Bangalore, India). α- glucosidase, p-NPG (p-nitro phenyl α-d-glucopyranoside)), gallic acid, acarbose was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Bangalore, India). Standard anti-microbial drug, gentamycin and antidiabetic drug, metformin were purchased from the local market. All other chemical reagents and buffers were used as an analytical grade in this study.

Yarrappagaari S., Gutha R., Narayanaswamy L., Thopireddy L., Benne L., Mohiyuddin S.S., Vijayakumar V, & Saddala R.R. (2020). Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the whole plant of Cleome viscosa and evaluation of their characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(12), 3601-3614.

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Antioxidant Potential Evaluation

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Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT), Sodium carbonate, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent used for determination of phenolic content, rutin, catechin, ascorbic acid, nitro prusside, greiss reagent used for Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Bangalore, India). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) used for the DPPH assay, aluminum chloride, potassium acetate, Con. HCL, Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), Phenazine metho sulphate (PMS), sulfuric acid, sodium phosphate and ammonium molybdate were purchased from Hi-Media Laboratories (Mumbai, India).

Muthukrishnan S., Kumar T.S., Gangaprasad A., Maggi F, & Rao M.V. (2018). Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of wild and in vitro derived plants of Ceropegia thwaitesii Hook – An endemic species from Western Ghats, India. Journal of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, 16(2), 621-630.

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DPPH Antioxidant Activity Assay Protocol

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1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA), nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), ribo avin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), methionine, phenazine methosulfate (PMS), Triton X-100, guaiacol, glutathione, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, rutin, and sodium salicylate were provided by Sigma-Aldrich, Merck. Ferrous sulfate (FeSo 4 ), Tris HCl, sodium phosphate, ammonium molybdate, ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ), sodium carbonate, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), ammonia solution (NH 3 ), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), hydrochloric acid (HCl), Fehling's solutions A and B, aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ), mercury potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), isoamyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, nitric acid, m ethanol, chloroform, ethanol and hexane were purchased from Himedia.

Pradhan B., Patra S., Nayak R., Swain S.S., Jit B.P., Behera C., Ragusa A., Ki J.S, & Jena M. (2022). Low-dose priming of gamma radiation enhanced cadmium tolerance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by modulating physio-biochemical pathways. Environmental science and pollution research international, 29(53).

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