Sta 449 f3 jupiter instrument

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the dried and powdered PASD was recorded on a Nicolet 6700 FTIR spectrometer (Nicolet, WI, USA) following the KBr-disk method. The sample was mixed with KBr powder, pressed into a disk, and then dried at 105 °C for 24 h prior to the analysis. The spectrum was recorded at room temperature in the range of 4000–500 cm⁻¹, with minimum 32 scans at a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (¹H NMR) of PASD (in D₂O) was obtained on a Bruker AV III-400 NMR spectrometer (Bruker Biospin, Switzerland) that operated at 400 MHz. Elemental analysis was performed using Vario EL-III elemental analyzer (Elementary Analyze System GmbH, Hanau, Germany). Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) of PASD was conducted on the STA 449 F3 Jupiter instrument (Netzsch, Bavaria, Germany). The sample was heated at a rate of 10.0 °C/min from 30 to 600 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The surface morphology of PASD in a high-salinity solution was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, S-4800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The sample contained 2% PASD in 150,000 mg/L NaCl solution. The solution was dropped onto a special glass and rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen. The surface of the sample was observed using a scanning electron microscope that operated at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV.

The microscopic structures of samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on a ZEISS MERLIN CoMPact (Zeiss, Jena, Germany). Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were recorded on a Tensor 27 spectrometer (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) over a KBr pellet in the region of 4000–400 cm⁻¹. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were acquired in the range of 2θ = 10°–80° with scanning rate of 5°/min on PANayltical Empyrean (Almelo, The Netherlands). Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) was conducted using an STA 449 F3 Jupiter^® instrument (Netzsch, Selb, Germany) at a heating rate of 10 °C/min in N₂ atmosphere. The specific surface areas and pore structures of samples were measured on a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) apparatus (JW-BK200, Beijing, China). The micropore size distribution was calculated using the t-plot method, the mesopore size distribution was calculated using the BJH method, and the specific surface area was analyzed using the BET equation.