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116 protocols using gsh assay kit

1

Evaluation of Hepatocyte Oxidative Stress

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The cell culture supernatant of primary hepatocytes was collected for further analysis. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (T-CHO) were measured using a triglyceride assay kit and a total cholesterol assay kit, respectively (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China). The IL-1β concentration was measured using an IL-1β ELISA kit (Lianke Biotechnology Company, China). Plasma from mice was centrifuged, separated and stored at -80 °C for further analysis. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were measured using MDA, SOD and GSH assay kits, respectively (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China). The plasma level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using an ROS ELISA kit (Nanjing JiaBeiSen Biotechnology, China). ROS generation in the cell culture supernatant was assayed using a DCFH-DA fluorescent probe kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, China). Total protein was extracted from mouse liver tissues. Caspase-1 activity in liver tissues was assessed with a Caspase-1 activity assay kit (BioVision, Milpitas, CA, United States). All procedures were performed according to the manufacturers’ instructions.
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2

Oxidative Stress Assessment in Rat Myocardium

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The rat myocardial tissues were added with 1 mL of PBS, and supernatant was obtained by centrifugation at 12 000× g for 10 minutes at 4°C. Malondialdehyde, SOD and GSH activities in the myocardial tissues were measured using MDA, SOD and GSH assay kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute), respectively. Cells in the logarithmic growth phase were seeded into a 6‐well plate at a density of 2 × 106 cells/mL, with 2 mL of culture medium in each well. After 48 hours of culture, the culture medium was discarded, and the above‐mentioned assay kits were used to assess the concentration of SOD, MDA and GSH, respectively, in the cells.
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3

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Quantification

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The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by fluorescence-labeled dihydroethidium (DHE). Frozen cross-sections (15 µm) were incubated in DHE for 30 min at 37 °C in a dark humidified chamber. The sections were rinsed three times in PBS and observed using an inverted fluorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) were determined using SOD, CAT, and GSH assay kits, respectively (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China).
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4

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Measurement

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T-SOD assay kits (Hydroxylamine method) were used to measure the activities of serum T-SOD, (Nanjing Jiancheng, Nanjing, China) and values were expressed as U/mL. GSH assay kits (Spectrophotometric method) were used to measure the levels of serum GHS (Nanjing Jiancheng, Nanjing, China) and values were expressed as mg/L. MDA assay kits (TBA method) were used to measure the levels of serum MDA (Nanjing Jiancheng, Nanjing, China) and values were expressed as μmol/L. Next, 8-OHdG Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay kits (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) were used to measure the levels of serum 8-OHdG and the values were expressed as ng/mL.
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5

Evaluating Liver Injury Amelioration

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In this study, the dried root of PLP was used. PLP was purchased from Beijing Lvye Medicinal Materials Company (Beijing, People’s Republic of China). ANIT was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT), total bile acid (TBA), and GSH assay kits were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, People’s Republic of China). All the other chemicals of analytical grade were purchased from commercial sources.
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6

Lead Acetate Neurotoxicity Mitigation

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A total of 48 male C57BL/6 mice (13 ± 2 g, aged 3 weeks) were purchased from the Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology (Beijing, China) and group-housed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by Ministry of Health of People's Republic of China. All experimental procedures and protocols were reviewed and approved by Life Science Ethics Review Committee of Zhengzhou University.
Lead acetate [Pb(Ac)2] with purity of ≥99.5% was purchased from Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology (Shanghai, China). Resveratrol was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pb(Ac)2 was dissolved into deionized water at a concentration of 0.2%. Resveratrol was diluted in 5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na). GSH-Px, MDA and GSH assay kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). ELISA kit for Aβ1−−40 was obtained from Biosource International (Camarillo, USA). Antibody against BDNF, TrkB, phosphorylated TrkB (pTrkB, Y515), β-actin and Lamin B was purchased from Abcam Company (Cambrige, UK). Antibodies against 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and phosphorylated SIRT1(pSIRT1, Ser 47) was obtained from Beijing Biosynthesis Biotechnology (Beijing, China) while SIRT1, AMPK and phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK, Thr 172) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvas, MA, USA).
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7

Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress Assays

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The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by uorescence-labeled dihydroethidium (DHE). Frozen cross-sections (15 µm) were incubated in DHE for 30 min at 37 °C in a dark humidi ed chamber. The sections were rinsed three times in PBS and observed using an inverted uorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) were determined using SOD, CAT, and GSH assay kits, respectively (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China).
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8

Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress Assays

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The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by uorescence-labeled dihydroethidium (DHE). Frozen cross-sections (15 µm) were incubated in DHE for 30 min at 37 °C in a dark humidi ed chamber. The sections were rinsed three times in PBS and observed using an inverted uorescence microscope (Olympus, Japan). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) were determined using SOD, CAT, and GSH assay kits, respectively (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China).
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9

Investigating Hepatoprotective Mechanisms

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Chemical compounds and reagents AG (No. ECLA-JASTC-210308) with a 90% purity was purchased from Changchun Zhongxinhengyuan Co.
(Changchun, China). APAP was purchased from Yansheng Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The rabbit monoclonal anti-mouse AKT, phospho (p)-AKT, BAX, BCL-2, CYP2E1, 4-HNE, GAPDH, IKKα, IKKβ, p-IKKα/β, I-κBα, p-I-κBα, PI3K, p-PI3K, NF-κB p65, and p-NF-κB p65 antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). TNF-α and IL-1β ELISA kits were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) dyes, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), and GSH assay kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). The Hoechst 33258 dye kit was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis detection kits were obtained from Roche Applied Science (Shanghai, China). The DyLight 488-SABC immuno uorescence staining kit was purchased from Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan China). The remaining reagents were analytical grade and provided by Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China).
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10

Quantification of Cellular Glutathione

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The levels of GSH were measured using the Reduced glutathione (GSH) assay Kit (A006-2-1, Nanjing Jiancheng) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. And the results were recorded using a microplate reader (Biotek, Seattle, United States) at 405 nm.
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