Extracellular vesicles were diluted to 1 μg μL−1 concentration in ultrapure water (Milli-Q UF Plus, Millipore, Molsheim, France), fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and spotted onto carbon-coated grids. SEM images of the samples were then acquired using a Tescan S8000 microscope equipped with secondary electron and backscattered electron detectors (TESCAN, Brno, Czech Republic). Analyses were conducted both at 1.5 and 5 keV without any coating of the particles, respectively.
Milli q uf plus
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, France
The Milli-Q UF plus is a water purification system designed to produce high-quality ultrapure water. It uses a combination of membrane filtration and ion exchange technologies to remove a wide range of contaminants, including organic compounds, inorganic ions, and microorganisms, from the input water source.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Chloroform, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Cacl2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mgcl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bacl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hexane c6h14, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade meoh, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glutaraldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Uric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Uricase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sucrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fluo 4, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
1 2 dioleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions)
1 stearoyl 2 linoleoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions)
1 2 diphytanoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Avanti Polar Lipids (1 mentions)
12 protocols using milli q uf plus
1
Extracellular Vesicles Characterization by SEM
2
Preparation and Characterization of Lipid Bilayers
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DPhPC and DPhPA in powder form (>99%, Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabama, USA), hexadecane (C16H34, 99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich), hexane (C6H14, >99%, Sigma-Aldrich), chloroform (>99.8%, Merck), hydrogen peroxide (30%, Reactolab SA), sulfuric acid (95–97%, ISO, Merck), KCl (99.999%, Aros), CaCl2 (99.999%), MgCl2 (99.99%), and BaCl2 (99.999%, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as received. All aqueous solutions were made with ultra-pure water (H2O, Milli-Q UF plus, Millipore, Inc., electrical resistance of 18.2 MΩ cm). All aqueous solutions were filtered with 0.1 μM Millex filters. The coverslips used in the imaging were pre-cleaned with piranha solution (1:3–30% H2O2: 95–97% H2SO4) and thoroughly rinsed with ultra-pure water.
3
Tocopherol Quantification via HPLC
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Standard γ-Tocopherol was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC grade MeOH was obtained from Burdick & Jackson. Ultrapure water obtained using a Milli-Q UF-Plus instrumentation (Millipore, MA, USA) was utilized to prepare all solutions for the method.
4
Electrochemical Uric Acid Detection
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All reagents were commercially available and used without further purification in this study. Uricase, uric acid, bovine serum albumin, glutaraldehyde, phosphate-buffered saline, and ZnO2 nanoparticles were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co (St Louis, MO, USA). A K608-100 uric acid assay kit was sourced from BioVision (Mountain View, CA, USA). Deionized water (resistivity ≥18 mΩ cm) purified by a Millipore system (Milli-Q UFplus; Bedford, MA, USA) was used to prepare all solutions. A Screen-print sensor (three electrode configuration, ie, graphite working and counter electrodes, and a silver–silver chloride reference electrode from Zensor R&D Co Ltd, Taichung, Taiwan).
5
Standardized α-amyrin Analysis
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Standard α-amyrin was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). HPLC grade acetonitrile was obtained from Burdick & Jackson. Ultrapure water obtained using a Milli-Q UF-Plus instrumentation (Millipore, MA, USA) was utilized to prepare all solutions for the method.
6
Exosomal Visualization via SEM
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Visualization of the isolated exosomal samples was performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Samples were diluted (1:2) in ultrapure water (Milli-Q UF Plus, Millipore, Molsheim, France) and spotted onto carbon-coated aluminum stabs. Solvent was evaporated under nitrogen flux overnight. SEM images of the samples were then acquired using a Tescan Solaris microscope equipped with secondary electron and backscattered electron detectors (TESCAN, Brno, Czech Republic). Analyses were conducted both at 1.5 and 5 keV without any coating of the particles, respectively.
7
Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complexes
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PAA (molecular weight of 450 kDa; Polysciences Inc.), sodium PSS, sodium salt (molecular weight of 1000 kDa; Polysciences Inc.), and PEG (molecular weight of 400 kDa; Sigma) in powder were used as received. NaCl (99.999%) was purchased from Acros. Stock polymer solutions were prepared by dissolving the powder in water (H2O or D2O). The samples were prepared by subsequent dilution of the stock solutions to obtain the desired polymer concentration. Stock NaCl solutions were filtered through Millipore Millex-VV 0.1-mm polyvinylidene difluoride membrane filters. Ultrapure H2O with an electrical resistance of 18.2 MΩ·cm was obtained from a Milli-Q UF-Plus instrument (Millipore Inc.). For experiments with heavy water, the D2O used was 99.8% D atoms with an electrical resistance of >2 MΩ·cm (Armar).
8
Lipid Bilayer Formation and Ca2+ Sensing
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1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC), 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphate (DPhPA), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-snglycero-3-phosphate (DOPA), 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SLPC), 1- stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (SLPA) and cholesterol in powder form (>99%) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids. CaCl2 (99.999%), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, Mw 146000 - 186000, >99%), bovine serum albumin (BSA, > 99%), glucose, sucrose, and chloroform (>99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The Ca2+ sensitive dye Fluo-4 (Pentapotassium Salt, cell impermeant) was purchased from Thermo-Fisher Scientific. All chemicals were used as received. All aqueous solutions were made with ultra-pure water (H2O, Milli-Q UF plus, Millipore, Inc., electrical resistance of 18.2 MΩ cm). All aqueous solutions were filtered with 0.1 µM Millex filters. The coverslips used in the imaging were precleaned with piranha solution (1:3 - 30% H2O2: 95-97% H2SO4) and thoroughly rinsed with ultrapure water.
9
Cleaning and Characterization of Surfactants
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Before use all glassware was cleaned with a 1:3 H2O2:H2SO4 solution, after which it was thoroughly rinsed with ultra-pure water (H2O, Milli-Q UF plus, Millipore, Inc., electrical resistance of 18.2 MΩ cm). Hexadecane (Fluka, 99.8%), decane (Fluka, 99.8%), cyclohexane (Sigma, >99.7%), Span80 (Sigma, GC quality), Tween80 (Sigma, GC quality), sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS (99% BioMol), d34-hexadecane (C16D34, 98% d, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories), fluorinated oil (Novec HFE7500, 3-Ethoxy-dodecafluor-2-trifluormethyl-hexan), sulfuric acid (95–97%, ISO, Merck) and H2O2 (30%, Reactolab SA) were used as received. The purity of alkanes was verified with a Zisman test43 44 . All samples for SFS measurements were prepared using D2O (99.8% Armar, >2 MΩ cm). The D2O for the water/air SFG experiment was obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (99.9%).
10
Nanomaterial Synthesis with Precise Reagents
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Sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (≥99.0%
purity, Sigma-Aldrich), hydrogen peroxide (30% Reactolab SA), and
sulfuric acid (95–97%, ISO, Merck) were used as received. All
aqueous solutions were made with ultrapure water (H2O,
Milli-Q UF plus, Millipore, Inc., resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm).
purity, Sigma-Aldrich), hydrogen peroxide (30% Reactolab SA), and
sulfuric acid (95–97%, ISO, Merck) were used as received. All
aqueous solutions were made with ultrapure water (H2O,
Milli-Q UF plus, Millipore, Inc., resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm).
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