V 570 uv vis nir spectrophotometer

The quantitative determination of salbutamol sulphate was performed by UV spectroscopy. Measurements were carried out with a V-570 UV-Vis/NIR spectrophotometer (Jasco, Japan). Each powder sample was dissolved in water and the absorbance was determined at λ = 224 nm using quartz cuvettes with optical path length of 1 cm. For each sample, three quantitative determinations were performed, each of which was obtained as the average of 10 consecutive readings. The analytical method was validated as regards to linearity of the response (absorbance vs. concentration) in the concentration range 5–64 μg mL⁻¹, limit of detection (0.57 µg mL⁻¹), and limit of quantification (1.91 µg mL⁻¹) evaluated as 3.3 x σ/slope and 10 x σ/slope, respectively, where σ and slope are the standard deviation of the intercept and the slope, respectively, of the of the regression line of the absorbance vs. concentration experimental points. An additional calibration curve (absorbance vs. concentration) was built to evaluate the UV response of the capsules used in the in vitro deposition tests. The linearity of the response was assessed in the concentration range 2–14 mg mL⁻¹ (LOD = 0.57 mg mL⁻¹, LOQ = 1.89 mg mL⁻¹) using water as solvent.

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were obtained from PHILIPS FEI XL-30 FEG-SEM system. A Cary 50 Scan UV-visible spectrometer and a Jasco V-570 UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer were used to measure extinction spectra of the monolayer NPGDs and nanocomposites on a glass coverslip. The SERS spectra of DTTC were recorded by using a home-built line-scan Raman microscope, and the automated image curvature correction algorithm was employed, followed by 5th-order polynomial background removal [34 (link)].

JASCO V-570 UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer was used to record the absorption spectra at room temperature in a wavelength range of 300–600 nm in a 3 mL cuvette. All fluorescence measurements were carried out at 425 excitation wavelength unless specified. Before freeze drying, the nanocapsules are resuspened in deionized water. From this solution, 0.1 mL was pipetted and diluted into a total volume of 3 mL. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was done using a Tescan, Vega 3 LMU with an Oxford EDX detector (Inca XmaW20) at 5 kV accelerating voltage. Briefly, few drops of suspended NCs were deposited on an aluminum stub and coated with carbon conductive adhesive tape. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was obtained using a Bruker D8 discover X-ray diffractometer equipped with CuKa radiation (λ = 1.5405 Å). The monochromator used was a Johansson type monochromator. The X-ray scans were done for 2θ between 10° and 45°.

The UV–Vis absorptions spectra of TiO₂ with adsorber N719 were recorded using a V-570 UV–Vis–NIR Spectrophotometer (Jasco Inc.). The morphology of the surface of photoanodes in nanoscale was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) using a TopoMetrix Explorer device, operating in contact mode, in air, in constant force regime. The devices were tested using a PV Solutions Solar Simulator and a Keithley 2400 (Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, OR, USA) under AM 1.5 G illumination (1000 W m⁻²).

The formation and decomposition of the carboxylate-type precursor were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) using the SDT Q600 thermogravimeter, in air, up to 1000 °C, at 10 °C·min⁻¹ heating rate, using alumina standards. The FT-IR spectra were recorded on KBr pellets containing 1% samples using a Perkin Elmer Spectrum BX II spectrometer, while the XRD patterns were recorded at room temperature using a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer with CuK_α1 radiation (λ = 1.54060 Å). The Ni/Zn/Co molar ratios were confirmed using Perkin Elmer ICP-OES Optima 5300 DV (Norwalk, CT, USA) after closed-vessel microwave-assisted aqua regia digestion using a Speedwave Xpert system (Berghof, Germany). The specific surface area (SSA) was obtained using the BET model from N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms recorded at −196 °C by a Sorptomatic 1990 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) instrument. The UV–VIS absorption spectra were recorded using a JASCO V570 UV–VIS-NIR spectrophotometer, equipped with a JASCO ARN-475 absolute reflectivity measurement accessory.

All reflection spectroscopic measurements were performed in the absence of a magnetic field. Unless otherwise noted, reflection spectra were recorded on a JASCO model V-570 UV/VIS/NIR spectrophotometer equipped with a JASCO model ETC-717 temperature controller. An aqueous dispersion of TiNSs (∼400 μl) filled in a quartz cuvette (40 × 10 × 1 mm) was used for each measurement. For evaluating the colour modulation rate in Supplementary Fig. 8, reflection spectra were recorded on a Nikon model Eclipse LV100POL optical polarizing microscope equipped with an Ocean Optics model USB4000 spectrometer and a Mettler Toledo model FP90 Central Processor connected with a model FP 82HT hot stage. A droplet (∼10 μl) of a deionized TiNS dispersion (0.30 vol%) in an ambient atmosphere at 20 °C was put onto a glass-covered hot stage set at 80 °C. The reflection spectra were recorded at every 200 ms.