Pyrene was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich in powder form. Given the low solubility of Pyrene in water (0.135 mg/L at 25 °C), the powder was firstly dissolved in methanol (≥99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich Co. Ltd., St. Louis, MI, USA) at a stock concentration of 1 μM and then serially diluted in Milli-Q water at concentrations ranging from 0.5 μM to 5 nM.
Pyrene
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Canada, India, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain
Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound. It is a crystalline solid at room temperature and is commonly used as a fluorescent probe and as a precursor in organic synthesis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Phenanthrene, by Merck Group (33 mentions)
Anthracene, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Fluoranthene, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Naphthalene, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Fluorene, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (12 mentions)
Benzo a pyrene, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Chrysene, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Acenaphthylene, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Benzo b fluoranthene, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Benzo k fluoranthene, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Acenaphthene, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Triethylamine, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Benzo a anthracene, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
180 protocols using pyrene
1
Pyrene Solubility and Dilution
2
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Analysis in Gochujang
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Gochujang (Sunchang Gochujang; Chungjungone, Seoul, Korea) used in this study was
composed of brown rice (20.4%), red pepper powder (3%), and red
pepper seasoning (red pepper powder [8.3%], sea salt, garlic, and onion)
with soybeans, alcohol, yeast powder, starch syrup, brown glutinous rice flour,
sea salt, and isomaltooligosaccharide. Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent was
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All solvents and chemicals
used for PAH analysis were high-performance liquid chromatography grade. PAH
standards (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene,
anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene,
benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene,
indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene) and
internal standard (ISTD) solution mix (naphthalene-d8,
acenaphthene-d10, phenanthrene-d10,
chrysene-d12, and perylene-d12) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. All the other chemicals were of analytical grade.
composed of brown rice (20.4%), red pepper powder (3%), and red
pepper seasoning (red pepper powder [8.3%], sea salt, garlic, and onion)
with soybeans, alcohol, yeast powder, starch syrup, brown glutinous rice flour,
sea salt, and isomaltooligosaccharide. Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent was
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All solvents and chemicals
used for PAH analysis were high-performance liquid chromatography grade. PAH
standards (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene,
anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene,
benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene,
indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene) and
internal standard (ISTD) solution mix (naphthalene-d8,
acenaphthene-d10, phenanthrene-d10,
chrysene-d12, and perylene-d12) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. All the other chemicals were of analytical grade.
3
Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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A PAH standard mixture containing the following 16 PAHs was purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA): naphthalene (Nap); acenaphthylene (Acy); acenaphthene (Ace); fluorene (Flu); phenanthrene (Phe); anthracene (Ant); fluoranthene (Flut); pyrene (Pyr); benzo[a]anthracene (BaA); chrysene (Chr); benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF); benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF); benzo[a]pyrene (BaP); benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BP); dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DA); and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP). The following five deuterium isotopes of PAHs were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan): D8-Nap; D10-Ace; D10-Phe; D10-Pyr; and D12-BaP. All organic solvents were of pesticide residue and polychlorinated biphenyl test grade. Other chemicals and ultrapure water were of analytical grade.
4
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Analysis
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All chemicals and solvents used in the current study were suitable for
high-performance liquid chromatography and were of analytical grade. The
standards for 16 PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthylene, fluorene,
phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene,
benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene,
benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene,
benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene,
dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and
benzo[ghi]perylene) were purchased from Supelco (Oakville, ON,
Canada).
high-performance liquid chromatography and were of analytical grade. The
standards for 16 PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthylene, fluorene,
phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene,
benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene,
benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene,
benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene,
dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and
benzo[ghi]perylene) were purchased from Supelco (Oakville, ON,
Canada).
5
Curcumin Nanoparticle Synthesis Protocol
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Curcumin, pyrene, triethyl amine, and chloroform were purchased from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Oleoyl chloride and mPEG (mol wt 2,000 Da) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., (St Louis, MO, USA). The Annexin-V-FLUOS/propidium iodide (PI) staining kit was purchased from Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., (Basel, Switzerland). All materials were used as received without any further purification. All solvents used in tests were of analytical grade and obtained from EMD Millipore.
6
Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
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All manipulations have been performed under prepurified N2 using standard Schlenk techniques. Dry solvents were dispensed from a solvent purification system (Innovative Technologies; Newburyport, MA, USA). Commercial reagents 4-bromo-naphthalic anhydride (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, 95%), Ammonium hydroxide solution (A.C.S reagent, 28–30%), ethynyltrimethylsilane (Merck, 98%), Copper (I) iodide (Merck, 98%), triethylamine (Merck, 99.5%), 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (Merck, 97%), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF, 1M in tetrahydrofuran, Panreac), naphthalene (Koch-Light Labs, Haverhill, UK), anthracene (≥99%, Merck), phenanthrene (≥99.5%, Merck), and pyrene (≥99%, Merck) were used as received.
7
Determination of PAHs in Food Samples
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Pure PAHs consist of naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and chrysene purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). A stock standard solution of PAHs has been prepared at a concentration of 100 mg L–1 in methanol. Acetonitrile and methanol with HPLC grade were from Carlo Erba (ValdeReuil, France). The HPLC-grade water and the other solvents and chemicals have been obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The Alu wire was supplied from Simcat Co. in Tabriz (Iran) and employed as the SPME fiber substrate. Tomato, potato samples have been acquired from Seed and Plant Research Improvement Institute in Karaj (Iran). Sangak bread has been purchased from the Shahrenan-Jihot company (Karaj, Iran).
8
Terpenoid Hydrazones Synthesis and Characterization
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Egg yolk lecithin and cardiolipin from the bovine heart were obtained from Biolek (Kharkov, Ukraine). Pyrene and trypsin (from the bovine pancreas) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All organic solvents and other chemicals used were of analytical grade. Terpenoid hydrazones 1 –15 were synthesized and fully characterized in our previous studies [21 (link),22 (link),23 (link)]. Pure terpenoids were used as obtained from their commercial supplier: (–)-verbenone, (–)-menthone and (–)-carvone (TCI, Philadelphia, PA, USA).
9
Development of Lecithin-Curcumin Nanoformulations
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Soybean lecithin (Lecigran 1000P, powdered soybean lecithin containing a mixture of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine; acetone insoluble substance content > 96%) was obtained from Cargill Asia Pacific Food System Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). Curcumin (> 95% purity) was obtained from Hebei Food Additive Co., Ltd (Hebei, China). Cholesterol was purchased from the Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Chitosan with low molecular weight (MW=50-190 kDa, deacetylation degree > 75%) and high molecular weight (MW=310-375 kDa, deacetylation degree > 75%), pyrene (≥ 99%), 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH, 98%), mucin from porcine stomach (M2378), pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa (P7125, enzymatic activity ≥ 400 units/mg protein), pancreatin from porcine pancreas (P1750, 4 × USP) and bile salts were purchased from Merck (Shanghai, China). Triton X-100 was purchased from Xi Long Chemical Co., Ltd (Guangzhou, China) . All other reagents used were analytical grade without further purification.
10
Peptide Sample Preparation for Analysis
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All
peptides used in this
study were purchased from Shanghai Bootech BioScience &Technology
Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China) as lyophilized powder with purity over
95%. Each peptide was dissolved in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as
5 mM stock solution and stored at room temperature (RT). Peptide samples
with concentrations of 1 mM or 0.5 mM as well as the mixture of different
peptides with concentration of 0.5 mM were prepared from the stock
solutions, treated by ultrasound for 30 min, and incubated at RT for
24 h before experiments. All chemical reagents including ThT, CR,
pyrene, ANS, and THF were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis,
MO, USA).
peptides used in this
study were purchased from Shanghai Bootech BioScience &Technology
Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China) as lyophilized powder with purity over
95%. Each peptide was dissolved in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as
5 mM stock solution and stored at room temperature (RT). Peptide samples
with concentrations of 1 mM or 0.5 mM as well as the mixture of different
peptides with concentration of 0.5 mM were prepared from the stock
solutions, treated by ultrasound for 30 min, and incubated at RT for
24 h before experiments. All chemical reagents including ThT, CR,
pyrene, ANS, and THF were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis,
MO, USA).
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