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22 protocols using glomax multi jr

1

Characterizing Disc Decellularization Effects

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DNA and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were measured for discs in the Control and Decellularized groups to characterize the effect of SDS treatment. Each disc was digested overnight at 60 °C in 1 ml of papain digestion buffer (100 mM sodium phosphate buffer, 10 mM Na2EDTA, 10 mM L-cysteine, and 0.125 mg/mL papain, pH 6.5). An aliquot of the digestate was mixed with Hoechst assay buffer containing 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, 100 mM NaCl, and 0.2 μg/ml bisBenzimide H 33258. Fluorescence (excitation 365 nm, emission 410 – 450 nm) was read using a multimode reader (GloMax®-Multi Jr, Promega, Madison, WI). DNA content was determined by comparison to a standard curve generated from calf thymus DNA. A separate aliquot of the digestate was taken for determination of GAG content using a dimethylmethylene blue assay (Blyscan™ Assay, Biocolor Ltd, Carrickfergus, UK). The assay was performed according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocol.
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2

Caspase-3/-7 Activation Assay

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Transfected cells were treated with ACA (20 μM for Ca Ski and 30 μM for SiHa) for 6 h (plasmid transfection) or 12 h (miRNA transfection). The Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assay (Promega, USA) was used to measure caspase-3 and -7 activities using GLOMAX®-Multi Jr (Promega, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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3

Characterization of PD-L1 Promoter Regulation

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The promoter sequence of human PD-L1 gene was obtained from the NCBI Gene database (Gene ID: 29126). A 922 bp PD-L1 promoter sequence starting from 872 bp upstream of the PD-L1 transcription start site (TSS) to 50 bp downstream of PD-L1 TSS (−872/+50) was cloned from the genome DNA (gDNA) of A549 cells, and further subcloned into pGL3-Basic Vector (Promega) to generate luciferase reporter plasmid (pGL3-WT). The potential NRF2 binding site sequence (5′-ATGACAAAGCA-3′, −593/–583) was analyzed by the JASPAR database (http://jaspar.genereg.net), and the original binding site sequence was replaced by 5′-AAAAAAAAAAA-3′ to generate mutated luciferase reporter plasmid (pGL3-Mutant). All transfections for dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed by Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen), and pRL-TK Vector (Promega) was used as transfection control. The luciferase activities in cell lysates were measured by GloMax Multi Jr (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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4

Dual-Luciferase Assay for TEAD Activity

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The Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System (E1910, Promega, United States) was used to detect Luciferase activity. The cells were transfected with the TEAD luciferase reporter or pGL4.26-YAP–TEAD binding site and the Renilla plasmid. After 24 hours, cells were lysis, and luciferase activity was detected. A GloMax-Multi Jr. (Promega-GloMax Promega, USA) was used to detect luciferase activity.
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5

Luciferase Assay for miRNA Binding

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Cells were co-transfected with 40 ng of 3′UTR reporter constructs containing wild-type or mutated binding sites and 100 nM of miR-210 mimic or mimic negative control using DharmaFECT 1 Transfection Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The firefly and Renilla luciferase activities were measured 48 h post-transfection with Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay System (Promega, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol using GLOMAX®-Multi Jr (Promega, USA). The firefly luciferase activity was normalized to Renilla activity, which was used as an internal control.
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6

Intracellular ATP Quantification in Epimastigotes

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Intracellular ATP (ATPi) was measured using an ATP bioluminescent somatic cell test kit (Sigma-Aldrich). In brief, epimastigotes (1 × 107 parasites per tube) were incubated in a solution containing 100 mM sucrose, 50 mM KCl, and 50 mM Tris-HCl in 0.1 mL (pH 7.2 adjusted with HCl). Cellular extracts were prepared by combining them with 0.1 mL of somatic cell ATP-releasing reagent and then chilling the mixture for 1 min. The mixture was transferred to MTS-11C mini tubes containing 0.1 mL ATP assay mix (v:v; Axygen) and swirled for 10 s at room temperature. A GloMax Multi JR detection system (Promega) measured the overall quantity of light emitted. In each experiment, the total intracellular ATP concentration per 107 cells was determined using a standard ATP curve [29 (link)].
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7

Luciferase Assay for circFBXW4

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circFBXW4 sequences contain the target sites for miRNA candidates were synthesized and cloned into pSI-Check2 reporter vector downstream to firefly luciferase (pSI-Check2-circFBXW4-wildtype), mutant version of circFBXW4 (pSI-Check2-circFBXW4-mutant) was also generated with the deletion of complementary sites, respectively. The reporter vector, miR-18b-3p mimics or negative control were co-transfected in HEK-293T cells using Lipofectamine 3000 (Invitrogen, CA). Activity of firefly and renilla luciferase were measured by Dual-Luciferase system (Promega, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol and detected by GloMax Multi Jr (Promega, USA).
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8

Luciferase Assay for miRNA Targeting

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Cells were cotransfected with 40 ng of 3′-UTR reporter constructs containing wild-type or mutated binding sites and 100 nM of miR-629 mimic or negative control using DharmaFECT 1 Transfection Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Firefly and Renilla luciferase activities were assayed 48 h after transfection with Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay System (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s protocol using GloMax-Multi Jr (Promega). The firefly luciferase activity was normalized to Renilla activity, which was used as an internal control.
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9

Luciferase Assay for miR-146a Target

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A 996-bp segment of the human EGR1 3′UTR containing the miR-146a site was cloned into the pmiRGlo dual luciferase vector (Promega). A similar cloning strategy was used to clone murine Egr1 3′UTR and the Nrp2 UTR (see Supplementary Table 1). For mutation of the miR-146a binding site, we utilized site-directed mutagenesis as previously described using the primers shown in Supplementary Table 1 [43 (link)]. Co-transfections were performed with Lipofectamine 2000 (Life Technologies) as per the manufacturer's instructions. Cells were lysed after 24 hours, substrate was added and luminescence was measured on a Glomax-Multi Jr (Promega).
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10

Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay for BmN Cells

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Reporter activity was determined using the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, BmN cells were lysed for 15 min at room temperature using 1× passive lysis buffer which is made from the dilution of the 5 × passive lysis (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), and then the lysed cells were collected and centrifuged at 12,000 g for 10 min. The supernatant was used for the determination of luciferase activity. Luciferase activity was measured using GloMax Multi Jr. at 490 nm (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). T-test was performed for statistical analysis by the software Graphpad Prism5.
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