All chemicals and reagents were used as received without further purification unless otherwise noted. Octylamine, triethylamine (Et3N), decylamine, dodecylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine (EDIPA), piperidine, 1,4-butanesultone, and anhydrous N,N-dimethylforamide (DMF) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl-O-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl) uronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU) was obtained from TCI America (Portland, OR, USA). Fmoc-photolabile linker was purchased from Advanced Chemtech (Louisville, KY, USA).
1 4 butane sultone
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in India
1,4-butane sultone is a chemical compound commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It serves as a precursor in the synthesis of various organic compounds. The core function of 1,4-butane sultone is to facilitate chemical reactions and transformations in a controlled laboratory setting.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methylimidazole, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dextrose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hexane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Octylamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dodecylamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Malt extract, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mannitol, by ITW Reagents (1 mentions)
Desiccated oxbile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glycerol, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
N pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rpmi 1640 powder, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 n morpholino propanesulfonic acid mops, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tween 40, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Oleic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nutrient broth, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Potato dextrose broth (pdb), by HiMedia (1 mentions)
8 protocols using 1 4 butane sultone
1
Synthesis of Functionalized Alkylamine Compounds
2
Fungal Pathogen Growth Media Optimization
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The fungal pathogens used in this study are shown in Table 1 . The media used in this study were YPD (1% yeast extract [Bioshop, Canada], 2% peptone [Bioshop], 2% dextrose [Bioshop]), PDB (24 g potato dextrose broth [Himedia, India] in 1 L distilled water), RPMI 1640 medium (10.4 g RPMI 1640 powder [Sigma-Aldrich, USA], 34.5 g MOPS [3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid, Sigma-Aldrich], 2 g dextrose, in 1 L distilled water, with pH adjusted to 7.0 with NaOH), spider medium (10 g nutrient broth [Himedia], 10 g mannitol [Panreac, Spain], 2 g K2HPO4, in 1 L distilled water, adjusted to pH 7.2 with H3PO4), YNB (0.17% yeast nitrogen base w/o amino acids [Bioshop], 0.5% (NH4)2SO4, 2% dextrose) and modified Dixon medium (36 g malt extract [Merck, Germany], 20 g desiccated oxbile [Sigma-Aldrich], 10 mL Tween 40 [Sigma-Aldrich], 6 g peptone [Bioshop], 2 mL glycerol [Scharlab, Spain], 2 mL oleic acid [Sigma-Aldrich], in 1 L distilled water). All media were solidified by adding 2% agar (Bioshop) if needed, except mDixon medium (1.5% agar).
For synthesis reaction, N, N, N′, N′, N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine [Sigma-Aldrich], alkyl bromides [Sigma-Aldrich], 1, 4-butanesultone [Sigma-Aldrich], and acetonitrile [POCh S. A., Poland] were purchased. All compounds were analytical reagent quality and used without further purification.
For synthesis reaction, N, N, N′, N′, N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine [Sigma-Aldrich], alkyl bromides [Sigma-Aldrich], 1, 4-butanesultone [Sigma-Aldrich], and acetonitrile [POCh S. A., Poland] were purchased. All compounds were analytical reagent quality and used without further purification.
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Viscoelastic Surfactants
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Stearic
acid (reagent grade, 95%, Sigma Aldrich), 1,3-propanesultone (≥99%,
Sigma Aldrich), 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine (99%, Sigma Aldrich),
1,4-butane sultone (≥99%, Sigma Aldrich), piperazine (99%,
Sigma Aldrich), CaCl2 (anhydrous, powder, 99.99%, Sigma
Aldrich), acetone (≥99.8%, Honeywell), ethyl acetate (≥99.5%,
Honeywell), diethyl ether (≥99.5%, Honeywell), methanol-d4 (99 atom % D, Sigma Aldrich), D2O (99.9 atom % D, Sigma Aldrich), and CDCl3 (99.8 atom
% D, Sigma Aldrich) were purchased and used as received. Before each
experiment, the fresh stock solutions of anhydrous CaCl2 (10–30%) were prepared in deionized water. The final products
of VES molecules and the intermediates were characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR on a 400 MHz Bruker spectrometer
(AVANCE III) using TMS as an internal solvent by dissolving samples
in deuterated solvents. The functional groups were ascertained by
an FT-IR spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer 16F PC, Perkin Elmer Inc.
USA). The apparent viscosities of different VES formulations were
determined using a Brookfield Rheometer DV3T linked with thermosel
through a programmable temperature controller (Ametek, USA). Thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) was performed to assess the thermal stability of the
final products using an SDT Q600 (V20.9 Build 20) thermal analyzer.
acid (reagent grade, 95%, Sigma Aldrich), 1,3-propanesultone (≥99%,
Sigma Aldrich), 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine (99%, Sigma Aldrich),
1,4-butane sultone (≥99%, Sigma Aldrich), piperazine (99%,
Sigma Aldrich), CaCl2 (anhydrous, powder, 99.99%, Sigma
Aldrich), acetone (≥99.8%, Honeywell), ethyl acetate (≥99.5%,
Honeywell), diethyl ether (≥99.5%, Honeywell), methanol-d4 (99 atom % D, Sigma Aldrich), D2O (99.9 atom % D, Sigma Aldrich), and CDCl3 (99.8 atom
% D, Sigma Aldrich) were purchased and used as received. Before each
experiment, the fresh stock solutions of anhydrous CaCl2 (10–30%) were prepared in deionized water. The final products
of VES molecules and the intermediates were characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR on a 400 MHz Bruker spectrometer
(AVANCE III) using TMS as an internal solvent by dissolving samples
in deuterated solvents. The functional groups were ascertained by
an FT-IR spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer 16F PC, Perkin Elmer Inc.
USA). The apparent viscosities of different VES formulations were
determined using a Brookfield Rheometer DV3T linked with thermosel
through a programmable temperature controller (Ametek, USA). Thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) was performed to assess the thermal stability of the
final products using an SDT Q600 (V20.9 Build 20) thermal analyzer.
4
Softwood Kraft Lignin Characterization
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Softwood kraft lignin (KL) was supplied by FPInnovations, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada. Kaolin powder was supplied by Old Hickory Clay Company, Hickory, KY, USA. Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) (99.0%), formaldehyde (CH2O) (37.0%), polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (20.0 wt.%), sodium hydroxide (97.0%), hydrochloric acid (37.0%), sodium nitrate (99.0%), dimethyl sulphate (98.0%) sulfuric acid (98.0%), D2O isotopic purity (99.8%), trimethylsilylpropanoic acid (TSP) (99.8%), para-hydroxybenzoic acid (99.0%), silicon oil, poly (ethylene oxide) and 1,4–butane sultone (99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Canada). Potassium chloride (99.0%) and potassium hydroxide solution (8 M) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Canada). Cellulose acetate dialysis membrane (molecular weight cut-off of 1000 g/mol) was obtained from Spectrum Laboratories Inc., USA.
5
Synthesis of 2,3-Butanediol Derivatives
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LA (98%), 2,3-butanediol
(98%, CAS Number 513-85-9), pyridine (98%), 1,4-butane sultone, (98%),
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, (97%), HCl (37%), H2SO4 (97%), and Amberlyte IR-120 (H-form) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich.
Ethyl acetate (99.5%) was purchased from Fisher Scientific. All solvents
(hexane, toluene, and diethyl ether) used were of ACS grade and used
as received.
(98%, CAS Number 513-85-9), pyridine (98%), 1,4-butane sultone, (98%),
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, (97%), HCl (37%), H2SO4 (97%), and Amberlyte IR-120 (H-form) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich.
Ethyl acetate (99.5%) was purchased from Fisher Scientific. All solvents
(hexane, toluene, and diethyl ether) used were of ACS grade and used
as received.
6
Synthesis of Imidazolium Cationic Surfactants
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MA used in the reaction
was of HPLC grade. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (98%), which was
recrystallized using MA, was purchased from Avra Synthesis. Castor
oil, NaOH (60% suspension in paraffin oil), 98% concentrated H2SO4, and benzimidazole were obtained from SD Fine
Chemicals. 1,4-Butane sultone, methyl imidazole, and 4-vinylbenzyl
chloride (90%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, India.
was of HPLC grade. Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (98%), which was
recrystallized using MA, was purchased from Avra Synthesis. Castor
oil, NaOH (60% suspension in paraffin oil), 98% concentrated H2SO4, and benzimidazole were obtained from SD Fine
Chemicals. 1,4-Butane sultone, methyl imidazole, and 4-vinylbenzyl
chloride (90%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, India.
7
Jatropha Seed Extraction Protocol
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Local dried Jatropha seeds were collected from the Kaliabor Nursery, Kaliabor, Assam, India. 1-Methylimidazole (99%), 1,4-butane sultone (≥99%), and 2-propanol (anhydrous, 99.5%) were procured from Sigma Aldrich, India. Methanol (≥99%, GC grade), hexane (fraction from petroleum), HCl (35% for analysis), and KOH (analytical grade) were purchased from Merck India Limited. All the chemicals were used as received without any further purification.
8
Synthesis of 1-Butylimidazole from Imidazole
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Imidazole (Him), methyl Imidazole (mim), butyl bromide, 1,4butanesultone, sodium ethoxide, p-nitrophenyl acetate, sulfuric acid (97-98%), and sodium bisulfate used as precursors or reactants were from Sigma-Aldrich. Methanol, sulfuric ether, ethyl acetate, hexane, acetone, butyl alcohol, and dichloromethane used as solvents or eluents were from Sigma-Aldrich. 1-ButylImidazole (bim) was synthesized by reaction of Imidazole with butyl bromide through an aliphatic nucleophilic substitution, following a previously reported method that employs sodium ethoxide for deprotonating the Imidazole, 27, 28 as it described in the ESI. †
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