FGF21fl/fl mice were individually housed in the Promethion Metabolic System (Sable Systems International) at the University of Iowa Metabolic Phenotyping Core on a 12h light-dark cycle with ad libitum access to water and food. Cages were mounted inside thermally controlled cabinets maintained at 30°C. Each cage was connected to a flow regulator and gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Food intake was measured manually in home cages.
Promethion metabolic system
Manufactured by Sable Systems
Sourced in United States
The Promethion Metabolic System is a comprehensive laboratory equipment designed for precise measurement and analysis of metabolic processes. It provides accurate data on oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and energy expenditure in a controlled environment.
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Lab products found in correlation
9 protocols using promethion metabolic system
1
Metabolic Phenotyping of FGF21 Mice
2
Metabolic Response to FGF21 and Leptin
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DIO WT and KLBVglut2−KO mice, DIO KLB-Cre mice, and lean WT mice implanted with minipumps administering vehicle, FGF21, leptin or FGF21 plus leptin were individually housed in the Promethion Metabolic System (Sable Systems International) at the University of Iowa Metabolic Phenotyping Core on a 12 h light–dark cycle with ad libitum access to water and food. DIO WT and KLBVglut2−KO mice were injected daily with vehicle (i.p.) for 5 days followed by FGF21 (i.p., 1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. KLB-Cre mice injected with PHP.eB-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq or PHP.eB-FLEX-tdTomato were injected daily with vehicle for 2 days (i.p.) followed by 2 days of CNO treatment (i.p., 1 mg/kg). Cages were mounted inside thermally controlled cabinets maintained at 22 °C (KLB-Cre and WT mice) or 30 °C (DIO WT and KLBVglut2−KO mice). Each cage was connected to a flow regulator and gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.
3
Evaluating Energy Metabolism Indices
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We measured water and food intake, travel distance, and respiratory quotient as indices of energy metabolism in the rats to evaluate the BDS model and the effectiveness of DBD. The indices were measured using a Promethion Metabolic System (Sable Systems, North Las Vegas, NE, United States) on the 4th, 7th, 11th, and 14th days of the experiment.
4
Metabolic Phenotyping of FGF21 Mice
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FGF21fl/fl mice were individually housed in the Promethion Metabolic System (Sable Systems International) at the University of Iowa Metabolic Phenotyping Core on a 12h light-dark cycle with ad libitum access to water and food. Cages were mounted inside thermally controlled cabinets maintained at 30°C. Each cage was connected to a flow regulator and gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Food intake was measured manually in home cages.
5
Automated Real-Time Feeding Behavior
6
Automated Metabolic Monitoring of Mice
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Analyses of food and water intake were performed using an automated Promethion Metabolic system (Sable Systems, Las Vegas, NV, USA), allowing for continuous, undisturbed, real-time monitoring of the food hopper and water bottle [30 ,31 (link),32 (link)], as previously published [16 (link),29 (link)]. Mice were single-housed, and after a five-day acclimation period, complete food/water consumption, feeding and drinking behavior were characterized for a 24-h period. Cumulative food/water intake, bout/meal frequency, total time spent eating and drinking (time in minutes or percentages), bout/meal size, duration, and eating rate were measured. “Mean food intake” is defined as the total food intake measured during a period divided by the number of bouts and the number of minutes that each animal spent eating. Food intake was measured undisturbed in real time through a weight sensor with a 3 mg resolution, which was attached to a food hopper. Total water intake was calculated as total grams of water consumed during either the dark or light phase. Bouts are defined as the number of times that each mouse drank water or consumed food. Mean water intake was calculated as total water intake measured during a period divided by the number of bouts and minutes that each animal spent drinking.
7
Metabolic Effects of Restraint Stress in Mice
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Chow- and HFD-fed male and female C57BL/6J mice (#000664, The Jackson Laboratory) were individually housed at least one week before being singly-housed in a Promethion metabolic system (Sable Systems, Inc.). Once in the Promethion, body weights were monitored daily. The handling acclimation procedure (see 2.2) was begun only after mice regained their initial body weight (∼1 week). Following the handling acclimation procedure mice underwent restraint stress for 1 h prior to dark onset. Chow-fed mice were gently guided into a 50 mL conical tube (1 inch diameter) that was modified to have the same number of air holes and tail/nose holes as restrainers for obese mice (at least 1.5 inches in diameter; Plas Labs, #552-BSRR). Control (no restraint stress) mice were picked up by the tail and placed back down in the cage. Food intake, water intake, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation (Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)), and locomotor activity were recorded continuously every 5 min overnight. Meal patterns (meal number, intermeal interval, meal size, meal duration) were calculated by the Promethion software. A meal was defined as any removal of food from the hopper that lasted a minimum of 30 s with a maximum removal of 0.5 g and a maximum interval of 300 s between meals. Mice that spilled or cashed >0.5 g of food in a 5 min bin were removed from the analysis.
8
Metabolic Phenotyping of Mouse Models
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Lean and fat mass were measured using the EchoMRI-500 (EchoMRI LLC, Houston, TX, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, excluding body water. Whole body respirometry was performed on mice after 18 weeks of diet utilising the Promethion metabolic system (Sable Systems International, North Las Vegas, NV, USA). Mice were individually housed and acclimatised for 2 days in Promethion cages at 29°C. Food and water was available ad libitum and bedding was the same as in the home cage. The airflow of each chamber was 2 l/min and O2 and CO2 measurements were taken every 5 min across a 48–72 hr period and was averaged for every 40 min. Data were analysed by the ExpeData software package (Sable Systems International). Ambulatory activity in metres was taken from the ‘all metres’ readout and averaged for a 24 hr period. Energy intake measurements were performed on mice by the daily weighing of food hoppers and food spillage in communally housed cages and was averaged to account for multiple mice per cage. Food intake was corrected for the loss of water by dehydration in the Hi-ST and Hi-F diets by measuring the rate of food weight loss over time in an empty animal cage.
9
Metabolic Responses to Restraint Stress
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Chow-and HFD-fed male and female C57BL/6J mice (#000664, Jackson Laboratories) were individually housed at least one week before being singly-housed in a Promethion metabolic system (Sable Systems, Inc.) for at least one week. Following the handling acclimation procedure (see 2.2) mice underwent restraint stress for one hour prior to dark onset. Chow-fed mice were gently guided into a 50 mL conical tube (1 inch diameter) that was modified to have the same number of air holes and tail/nose holes as restrainers for obese mice (at least 1.5 inches in diameter; Plas Labs, #552-BSRR). Control (no restraint stress) mice were picked up by the tail and placed back down in the cage. Food intake, water intake, energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and locomotor activity were recorded continuously every 5 min overnight. Mice that spilled or cashed >0.5 g of food in a 5 min bin were removed from the analysis.
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