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7 protocols using rabbit anti active caspase 3

1

Intestine Immunostaining Protocol

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For standard immunostainings, intestines were dissected in 1 × PBS (10 mM NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4, 175 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 25 min at room temperature. Samples were washed with 1 x PBT (0.1% Triton X‐100 in 1 × PBS) and blocked in 3% BSA in 1 × PBT for 45 min. Primary antibodies were added to the samples and incubated at 4°C overnight. The following primary antibodies were used: mouse mAb anti‐Dl (C594.9B, 1:50, developed by S. Artavanis‐Tsakonas, DSHB), mouse mAb anti‐Prospero (MR1A, 1:100, developed by Chris Doe, DSHB), rabbit anti‐pH 3 (1:2000, Millipore), rabbit anti‐active caspase 3 (1:1000, Cell Signalling), and rabbit anti‐Yun (1:1000).25 Primary antibodies were detected by fluorescent‐conjugated secondary antibodies from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories. Secondary antibodies were incubated for 2 h at room temperature. DAPI (Sigma‐Aldrich; 0.1 μg/ml) was added after secondary antibody staining. The samples were mounted in mounting medium (70% glycerol containing 2.5% DABCO). All images were captured using a Zeiss inverted confocal microscope and were processed in Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator.
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2

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Cells were washed in PBS and harvested by centrifugation. Cells were then resuspended in lysis buffer supplemented with protease inhibitors (50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 1% Tx-100, 1 mM EGTA, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 20 mM NaF, 10 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 0.3 mM PMSF, 2.5 mM sodium orthovanadate) and incubated at 4 °C with gentle rotation for 1 h. Crude lysate was centrifuged at 17 000× g for 10 min. Equal amounts (20 μg) of protein were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membrane for immunoblotting. After blocking the membrane with TBST-milk (10 mM Tris pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween-20, 5% non-fat powdered milk), membranes were incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4 °C followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody for 1 h. Protein expression was detected using the ECL detection kit (GE Healthcare).
Primary antibodies used: rabbit anti-active caspase 3 (Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; Cell Signaling), rabbit anti-VEGF (Abcam).
Secondary antibodies used: goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP and goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (Bio-Rad).
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3

Antibody Procurement and Reagent Sources

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The antibodies were purchased from the following sources: Rabbit anti-GATA4 antibody (Abcam, ab84593), Goat anti-TIM1 antibody (R&D systems, AF1750), Goat anti-TIM4 antibody (R&D systems, AF2929), Goat anti-Tyro3 antibody (R&D systems, AF859), Goat anti-Axl antibody (R&D systems, AF154), Goat anti-Mer antibody (R&D systems, AF891), Mouse anti-FGF2 (EMD Millipore, 05-117), Mouse IgG1 isotype control antibody (R&D systems, MAB002), rabbit anti-active caspase-3 (Cell Signaling, #9664), mouse anti-β-actin (a3853) from Sigma Aldrich. A mouse monoclonal antibody to ZIKV NS1 protein was developed in this laboratory. The reagents were purchased from the following sources: Azithromycin (Sigma Aldrich, PZ0007), Duramycin (Sigma Aldrich, D3168), R428 (Selleckchem, S2841), human bFGF (Sigma Aldrich, F0291) and BGJ398 (Adooq Bioscience, A11159).
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Eye-Antennal Discs

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Third instar larvae eye-antennal discs were dissected in 1× PBS, fixed in freshly made 4% paraformaldehyde and stained as described previously (Ma et al., 2013 (link)), using mouse anti-MMP1 (1:200), mouse anti-β-Gal (1:1000, DSHB, Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank), rabbit anti-phospho histone 3 (PH3) (1:200), rabbit anti-active Caspase 3 (1: 400) and Alexa Fluor®555 (1:100, Cell Signaling Technology). Secondary antibodies were anti-rabbit-Alexa (1:400), and anti-mouse-Cy3 (1:400, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Tumor growth and invasion images in Figureure 1 and 4 were taken with a Leica MZ FLIII fluorescence stereomicroscope with an Optronics Magnafire S99802 digital camera.
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5

Cryogenic Tissue Sectioning and Apoptosis Imaging

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Freshly collected tumors were embedded in OCT and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Tumors were sectioned to a thickness of 10 μm by cryotome and mounted on glass slides. Tissue sections were fixed by ice cold acetone and stained with rabbit anti active caspase 3 (Cell signaling, Danvers, MA, USA) followed by DyLight™ 649 Donkey anti-rabbit IgG (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA). Slides were counterstained by DAPI and were imaged on an Olympus fluorescence microscope with Metamorph acquisition software.
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6

Caspase 3 Activation in Larval Wing Discs

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Third instar larvae wing discs were fixed in freshly made 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min and washed 3 times with 1 × PBS, then stained using rabbit anti-active Caspase 3 (1 : 200) (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA). Secondary antibody was anti-rabbit-Cy3 (1 : 1000, Jackson Immunochemicals, West Grove, PA, USA).
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7

Quantifying Transcription Factor Localization

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In this analysis, 1 × 10 4 cells were seeded on sterilized 12-mm-diameter coverslips in 24-well plates and treated as explained above. After treatment, cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min at room temperature. Slides were then permeabilized for 10 min with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS. Cells were blocked for 30 min with 3% bovine serum albumin, incubated at 4°C overnight with the primary antibody, and then washed and incubated for 40 min with the secondary antibodies. Images were taken with a Leica confocal microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) and analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) and the JACoP plug-in to determine colocalization coefficients. The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit anti-FoxO1 (1:500; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), rabbit anti-PDX-1 (1:500; Abcam), rabbit anti-MafA (1:200; Abcam), mouse anti-NeuroD (1:100; Abcam), and rabbit anti-active caspase 3 (1:100; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA) as a marker of apoptosis. Secondary antibodies were Alexa Fluor antimouse or antirabbit (1:600; Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA). DNA was stained with DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole). Results of nuclear localization are expressed as the proportion of DAPI colocalized with each transcription factor.
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