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22 protocols using lithium heparin tube

1

Biomarker Profiling in ALS Patients

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Peripheral blood samples (73 ALS and 48 controls) were collected in lithium-heparin tubes (Sarstedt). PBMCs were prepared by Ficoll–Hypaque (Biochrom) density centrifugation, then washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and counted manually. Serum samples for cytokine analysis were collected in 7.5 ml tubes (Sarstedt) and centrifuged at 2000g for 10 min, aliquoted and frozen at −80 °C within 20 min after collection.
CSF samples (16 ALS and 10 controls) were centrifuged at 250 g for 10 min at 4 °C within 20 min after collection, the cell pellet was collected and immediately processed by flow cytometry.
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2

Blood Collection and Processing

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Peripheral venous blood was collected from each study subject. For FACS analysis, 10 ml of blood was collected in lithium–heparin tubes (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) and was processed immediately. Serum samples were centrifuged at 800 × g for 10 min immediately after acquisition, and aliquots were stored at −80°C until analysis.
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3

Chronic Poly(I:C) Exposure: Plasma Cytokine Profiling

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Peripheral blood was collected from the submandibular vein of 5- to 9-month-old mice into lithium heparin tubes (Sarstedt) on day 3 at 18 h after the second poly(I:C) exposure of the chronic exposure timeline described above. Plasma cytokine levels were measured using the LEGENDplex Mouse Anti-Virus Response Panel (BioLegend) on an Accuri C6 flow cytometer and analyzed using LEGENDplex v2021. All samples were analyzed in duplicate, and the average was used for statistical analysis. Number of animals per group were as follows: WT sham (n = 6, 2 male and 4 female), WT poly(I:C) (n = 7, 3 male and 4 female), Dp16 poly(I:C) (n = 6, 5 male and 1 female) and Dp162xIfnrs poly(I:C) (n = 6, 3 male and 3 female).
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4

Murine Neutrophil Depletion Assay

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Mice were injected intra-peritoneally (i.p.) with 25, 50, or 100 μg mouse-Ly-6G, 50 or 100 μg rat- Ly-6G, or solvent control (PBS) 3 times a week. The rat-Ly-6G (1A8) hybridoma has been sequenced by Absolute Antibody and transformed into a commercially available recombinant mouse antibody (see Table 1 for more information on the depletion antibodies used). To evaluate neutrophil depletion, blood was drawn via cheek puncture before antibody injection and collected in Lithium-Heparin tubes (Sarstedt, #20.1345, Etten-Leur, the Netherlands). Blood was stored on ice to prevent internalization of CD115, a marker used for flow cytometry detection of monocytes.
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5

Tumor and Immune Cell Profiling

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Peritoneal lavage was performed using 6 mL PBS containing 5 mM EDTA. Mouse tumors and spleens were carefully excised and collected in ice cold PBS. Mouse blood was collected in lithium-heparin tubes (Sarstedt) and erythrocyte lysis was performed twice at room temperature for 5 min. Tumors were cut and digested using the mouse tumor dissociation kit from Miltenyi. Up to 1 g of tumor tissue was transferred to C tubes (Miltenyi) containing enzyme mix (DMEM culture medium, 100 µL Enzyme D, 50 µL Enzyme R, and 10 µL Enzyme A) and the 37C_m_TDK_1 program was run on a gentleMACS Octo Dissociator. Dissociated tumor cells and spleens were put through a 100 µm cell strainer and together with mouse blood stained (see online supplemental table 3) for analysis on the LSRFortessa. Tumor and spleen opsonization and IgA3.0 Fc-binding on neutrophils was determined by staining with goat F(ab')2 anti-human IgA-PE (1:200, SouthernBiotech).
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6

Porcine Blood Sampling Protocol

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From each pig, blood samples were taken every 2 h, starting at 10:00 over periods of 50 h (Figure 1, 26 blood samples per animal). At lights-off, the sampling procedure was performed under dim light of averagely 7 lx at pigs' eye level, which was switched on and off for sampling (Philips energy-saving/LED bulbs 3W, color temperature 2,700 K). Sampling all animals lasted not longer than 20 min in total per sampling and animals were sampled in the same order each time. After discarding the heparinized saline solution from the catheters, 10 ml blood per sample was drawn. Subsequently, the catheter was rinsed with ~10 ml heparinized saline (46 IU/ml) to keep the catheter patent and to compensate for the blood volume taken. Blood was transferred directly into lithium heparin tubes and K3 EDTA tubes (both Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany). Blood samples were immediately processed after each sampling.
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7

Flow Cytometry for Cell Phenotyping

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Blood was sampled from the submandibular vein in lithium-heparin tubes (Sarstedt). 30 µL of blood was stained with 30 µL of antibody solution and incubated for 15 min on RT (antibody panels described in Supplemental Tables 2–4). Next, samples were fixated and erythrocytes were lysed using the BD FACS lysing solution for 5–10 min on RT. After washing with PBS, latex beads were added to quantify cell numbers on a Canto II flow cytometer (BD).
Dissociated tumor cells were stained with antibodies for 45 min on 4 °C as in Supplemental Table 5 as well as with TO-PRO3 (1:50,000 ThermoFisher) and analyzed on the LSRFortessa (BD).
Patient PMN were washed in PBS, stained with PE anti-CD89 (BD, clone A59) for 30 min on 4 °C, followed by an additional PBS wash. Patient PMN were analyzed on a Canto II flow cytometer (BD).
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8

Blood Sampling in Pregnant Sows

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Five blood samples were collected via jugular vein puncture during gestation from each pregnant sow (individual sampling duration <2 min). For blood sampling, sows were restrained using a nose snare. Blood samples were collected between 09:00–10:00 AM into lithium heparin tubes and K3 EDTA tubes (both Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany). One sample was obtained during the first trimester of pregnancy (week 12 pre partum), two additional samples during the second trimester (week 10 and 7 pre partum), and two samples during the last trimester of pregnancy (week 4 and 2 pre partum). All samples were processed within 3 h after sampling.
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9

Urine and Blood Collection Protocols

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The collection of child urine at 9 and 4.5 y of age and maternal urine in early pregnancy (on average at GW8) has been described in detail elsewhere (Ahmed et al. 2014 (link); Raqib et al. 2017 (link); Vahter et al. 2006 (link)). In short, spot urine samples were collected in trace element–free 24-mL polyethylene bottles either at health care facilities in Matlab or at home. Samples were stored in refrigerators until the end of the day when they were transferred to the hospital laboratory for further storage at 70°C . Blood collection was performed at the health care facilities. Children’s blood samples at 9 y of age were collected in sodium heparin tubes (Vacuette; Greiner Bio-One International AG), whereas the children’s blood samples at 4.5 y of age and the mothers’ blood samples at GW14 were collected in lithium heparin tubes (Monovette, Sarstedt AG & Co.). The blood samples were kept cold and they were transported to the hospital laboratory within a couple of hours for immediate separation of plasma and erythrocytes; the different aliquots were thereafter stored at 70°C .
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10

Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Quantification

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Venous blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein into 6 mL lithium-heparin tubes (Sarstedt, Leicester, UK) at baseline and post exercise. Samples were centrifuged at 3500× g for 10 min at 4 °C, within 3 min of collection. Plasma was subsequently extracted and immediately frozen at −80 °C for later analysis of [NO3] and [NO2].
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