Chitosan (100–200 mPa s, > 95% deacetylated), 3, 4-Dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHPA, 98%), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, ≥ 98.0%), 2-Morpholinoethanesulfonic Acid (MES, 99%), Dopamine hydrochloride (DOPA), Trizma® base, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS, 98%), hyaluronic acid (1.2 million Da), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 1 mol/L HCl and 5 mol/L NaOH solutions were prepared. Aspirin derivatives were synthesized from methyl anthranil trisulfide and acetyl salicyl chloride (ACS14)43. The process of preparation of catechol-modified Chitosan and hyaluronic acid has been reported previously [26 ].
Concentrated hydrochloric acid hcl
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid chemical. It is a strong mineral acid with a pungent, irritating odor. Hydrochloric acid is commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dopamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hydroxysuccinimide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trizma base, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 4 dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chitosan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hyaluronic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N 3 dimethylaminopropyl n ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 morpholinoethanesulfonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methyl methacrylate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
2 2 azobis 2 methylpropionitrile aibn, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Copper sulphate pentahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cuso4 5h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 2 hydroxyethyl 1 piperazineethanesulfonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Honeywell (1 mentions)
Concentrated nitric acid hno3, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide h2o2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using concentrated hydrochloric acid hcl
1
Catechol-Modified Chitosan and Hyaluronic Acid
2
Synthesis of Luminescent Europium-Doped Silica Nanocomposites
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OxGCs with the composition 80SiO2-20(1.5 Eu3+: NaGdF4) were prepared following the “pre-crystallised nanoparticles route” [30 (link)]. First, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Sigma Aldrich) and methyl-triethoxysilane (MTES, ABCR) were mixed with a molar ratio of 1TEOS:1MTES, followed by the incorporation of the previously prepared aqueous nanoparticle suspensions, 1.5Eu3+: NaGdF4-24, to reach a final molar relation of 80SiO2-20(1.5 Eu3+: NaGdF4). After the incorporation of the nanoparticle suspensions, concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl, Sigma Aldrich) was added under vigorous stirring to catalyse the hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The solution was immersed in an ice bath for 2 min to stop the reaction. After that, the sol was stirred for 15 min at room temperature. Finally, absolute ethanol was used to dilute the final sol up to a final concentration of 171 g L−1.
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks
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All the reagents were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. Zirconium(IV) chloride (ZrCl4), terephthalic acid (H2BDC), acetic acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) (0.011 μm), and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA). Methanol and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (99%, stabilized) were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Carboxylic-acid-functionalized silica (COOH SiO2) (20–30 nm) was purchased from US Research Nanomaterials, Inc. (Houston, TX, USA).
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide and Copper-Boron Graphene
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Graphite powder (∼25 μm), concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), boron trioxide (B2O3) and copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich-India for the synthesis of GO and CuBG, all were used without further purification. 2D water was used for the entire preparation and purification process.
5
Magnetic Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization
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All chemicals used were of reagent grade and from commercial sources. The magnetic nanocrystals (mean diameter, 10 nm; iron-oxide content, 80–85 wt.%; saturation magnetization, Ms ~65 Am2/kg γ-Fe2O3) were kindly provided by Nanos Scientificae Ltd. (Nanos SCI, Ljubljana, Slovenia). Ethanol (96%) was from Pharmachem (Sušnik Jožef, Ljubljana, Slovenia), dichloromethane was from Honeywell (Riedel-de Haen, Seelze, Germany), [(2S)-1-[(2S,3S)-3-hexyl-4-oxooxetan-2-yl] tridecan-2-yl] (2S)-2-formamido-4-methylpentanoate (orlistat) was from Ranbaxy (Gurgaon, Sinnar, India), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) were from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), tetradecan-1-ol (tetradecanol) was from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium), polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether (Brij® L4, Brij 4) was from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween® 80; polysorbate 80) was from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), and nonionic poly (ethylene oxide)-poly (propylene oxide) copolymer (Lutrol® F-68; poloxamer 188) was from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany). N1,N1-dimethyl-N2-(tricosan-12-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine (SP11) was synthesized in our laboratory. The purified water used in this study was prepared by reverse osmosis at the Faculty of Pharmacology, University of Ljubljana and at the Jožef Stefan Institute.
6
Analytical Characterization of Aqua Regia
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All reagents used in the present study were of Analar grade in quality. Concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) (70%) and concentrated perchloric acid (HClO4) (60%) were purchased from BDH Chemicals Ltd, England, concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) (37%) and acetic acid from Sigma-Aldrich, France and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 (30%) solutions from Scharlau, Spain, hydroxylammonium acetate (99%) from Alfa Aesar, USA, and ammonium acetate (98%) from J.T. Baker, USA. Aqua regia was freshly prepared by mixing concentrated HCl and HNO3 solutions at a 3:1 volume ratio. Freshly distilled de-ionized water from an EASYpureTM water purification system (Barnstead Thermolyne Corp. USA) was used. The following equipment: weighing balance (AE Adam Scales, USA), pH meter – (Hanna Instruments Benchtop pH 211 Microprocessor, USA), hot air oven – (Uniscope SM9053, Surgifriend Medicals, England), Stuart heat-stir (US152) hot plate, fume cupboard, Stuart orbital shaker SSL1, and centrifuge, microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES) were used in this study.
7
Heavy Metals Analysis in Polluted Water
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Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu) content in polluted water was determined by following the methodology of Radulescu et al. [26 ]. HMs content was analyzed by adding 2 mL of 70% concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, CA, USA) and 5 mL of 50% concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, CA, USA) in (100 mL) water samples boiled at 95 °C on a hot plate (Ceramic hot plate C-MAG HP 4, Rawalpindi, Pakistan). Water was heated until the volume reduced to 15–20 mL. HMs content was than analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer, Analyst 4000, Waltham, MA, USA).
8
Alkyl and Fluoroalkyl Trimethoxysilanes
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Alkyl and fluoroalkyl trimethoxysilanes
(TMSs); (methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), ethyltrimethoxysilane (ETMS),
butyltrimethoxysilane (4TMS), decyltrimethoxysilane (10TMS), dodecyltrimethoxysilane
(12TMS), hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (16TMS), octadecyltrimethoxysilane
(18TMS), decyltriethoxysilane (10EMS), 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane
(PFTES), and silicon oil were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Alfa
Aesar). Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) (34%), ethanol (99.5%),
and isopropanol (99.5%) were purchased from Merck Life Sciences. Glass
slides were acquired from Avantor (VWR), and plastic samples are composed
of 5-ply ethylene vinyl acetate/ethylene vinyl acetate/polyvinylidene
dichloride/ethylene vinyl acetate/ethylene vinyl acetate.
(TMSs); (methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), ethyltrimethoxysilane (ETMS),
butyltrimethoxysilane (4TMS), decyltrimethoxysilane (10TMS), dodecyltrimethoxysilane
(12TMS), hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (16TMS), octadecyltrimethoxysilane
(18TMS), decyltriethoxysilane (10EMS), 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane
(PFTES), and silicon oil were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Alfa
Aesar). Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) (34%), ethanol (99.5%),
and isopropanol (99.5%) were purchased from Merck Life Sciences. Glass
slides were acquired from Avantor (VWR), and plastic samples are composed
of 5-ply ethylene vinyl acetate/ethylene vinyl acetate/polyvinylidene
dichloride/ethylene vinyl acetate/ethylene vinyl acetate.
9
Synthesis of Substituted Aniline Monomers
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Substituted aniline derivatives (2-chloroaniline, 3-chloroaniline, 4-chloroaniline) were purchased from (PDH, Germany) and used as starting materials for the synthesis of monomers. Sodium nitrite (NaNO2), malononitrile (CH2(CN)2), sodium acetate (C2H3NaO2), and hydrazine hydrate were purchased from (Sigma-Aldrich, U.S.A.) and used directly as it was received. Zinc oxide NPs were supplied by NANO TECH Co. LTD Egypt and used to fabricate polymers nanocomposites. Glacial acetic acid CH3CO2H (99%) from Sigma-Aldrich was used as a catalyst. Terephthalaldehyde purchased from NANO TECH Co. LTD Egypt. concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) was received from (Merck, Germany), as a solvent with a purity of (99%) was used for dissolving substituted aniline derivatives. Ethanol absolute (99.9% pure) provided by (PDH, Germany) was used as solvent in the monomers, polymers, and polymer nanocomposites synthesis. All of the chemicals and solvents mentioned were used without any more purification because they were all highly pure.
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