Profenofos, 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol (BCP), bovine serum albumin (BSA), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), 5,5-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and acetylthiocholine iodide (ATC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2⋅6H2O), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2⋅2H2O) were purchased from VWR International (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Acetonitrile (ACN, UPLC/MS grade) was purchased from Biosolve (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands). Human liver microsomes and cytosol (pooled from 150 human donors, mixed gender), rat liver microsomes and rat liver cytosol (pooled from 20 male Sprague–Dawley rats) were purchased from Corning (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Recombinant human acetylcholinesterase was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Rat blood was purchased from BioIVT (Westbury, USA), human and rat plasma were purchased from Innovate (New York, USA).
Rat liver microsomes
Manufactured by Corning
Sourced in United States
Rat liver microsomes are a subcellular fraction derived from the endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver cells. They contain a variety of enzymes, including cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of various substances.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetylthiocholine iodide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Profenofos, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Calcium chloride dihydrate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Recombinant human acetylcholinesterase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rat blood, by BioIVT (1 mentions)
Intermedine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Jacobine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Senkirkine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Heliosupine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Europine n oxide, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Senecionine n oxide, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Intermedine n oxide, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Jacobine n oxide, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Heliosupine n oxide, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Retrorsine n oxide, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Echimidine n oxide, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Lycopsamine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Lycopsamine n oxide, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Senecionine, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Human liver microsomes, by Corning (1 mentions)
7 protocols using rat liver microsomes
1
Profenofos Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Assay
2
Analytical Characterization of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Lasiocarpine (Las) and lasiocarpine N-oxide were ordered from Cfm Oskar Tropitzsch (Marktredwitz, Germany). Lycopsamine (Lyc), Lycopsamine N-oxide, europine (Eur), europine N-oxide, senecionine (Sen), senecionine N-oxide, echimidine (Ech), echimidine N-oxide, intermedine, intermedine N-oxide, jacobine, jacobine N-oxide, heliosupine, heliosupine N-oxide, retrorsine N-oxide, retronecine, and senkirkine were obtained from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Retrorsine (Ret) was delivered by AppliChem (Darmstadt, Germany). Methanol (MeOH, LC–MS grade) and water (H2O, LC–MS grade) were purchased from Merck KGA (Darmstadt, Germany). 7,9-Diglutathionyl-6,7-dihydro-1-hydroymethyl-5H-pyrrolizidine was obtained from ASCA (Berlin, Germany). Potassium cyanide (KCN), isotopically labeled potassium cyanide (KCX, K13C15N), glutathione and isotopically labeled glutathione (GSX, 13C215N-GSH), and all other chemicals and co-factors were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). All chemicals were obtained in analytical grade, if available. Human liver microsomes (mixed gender from 50 donors; protein concentration 20 mg/mL; cytochrome P450 content 310 pmol/mg protein) and rat liver microsomes (male Sprague–Dawley rats; protein concentration 20 mg/mL; cytochrome P450 content 700 pmol/mg protein) were obtained from Corning (Corning, USA).
3
Liver Microsome Metabolism of Gingerols
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Pooled human liver microsomes (HLM), rat liver microsomes (RLM), mice liver microsomes (MLM), monkey liver microsomes (MkLM), dog liver microsomes (DLM), mini pig liver microsomes (MpLM) and recombinant expressed human CYP enzymes (CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2 × 101, 3A4 and 3A5) were obtained from Corning Biosciences (New York, USA). Magnesium chloride and NADPH were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). [6]-gingerol (6G), [8]-gingerol (8S), [10]-gingerol (10G), (3R,5S)-[6]-gingerdiol, (3S,5S)-[6]-gingerdiol, (3R,5S)-[8]-gingerdiol, (3S,5S)-[8]-gingerdiol, (3R,5S)-[10]-gingerdiol, (3S,5S)-[10]-gingerdiol with purities over 98% were isolated and identified in our laboratory, and their 13C-NMR and HRMS data were listed in the ESI.† Other chemicals and materials were all analytical grades.
4
In Vitro UGT Metabolism Assay
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The pre-incubation solution was prepared by adding 205.5 μL water, 24 μL of UGT Reaction Mix solution A, 60μL of UGT Reaction Mix solution B, 7.5 μL rat liver microsomes from Corning Gentest into a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge. The mixtures were incubated at 37°C for 5 min in an incubator. Then 3 μL of 10mM ZB716 was added, mixed, and incubated at 37°C for 60 min in the incubator. After incubation, 300 μL MeOH was added to terminate the reaction. The final mixture was then centrifuged at 10,000× g for 4 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was analyzed by the UHPLC-Q-Exactive instrument.
5
NADPH Regeneration Assay for ZB716 Metabolism
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
NADPH solution A contains NADP+ and Glucose 6-phosphate. NADPH solution B contains Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is necessary for NADPH regeneration. The pre-incubation solution was prepared by adding 30 μL of potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4; 10x), 241.5 μL water, 15μL of NADPH solution A, 3 μL of NADPH solution B, and 7.5 μL rat liver microsomes from Corning Gentest into a 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tube. The mixtures were incubated at 37°C for 5 min in an incubator. Then 3 μL of 10 mM ZB716 was added, mixed, and incubated at 37°C for 60 min in the incubator. After incubation, 300 μL MeOH was added to terminate the reaction. The final mixture was then centrifuged at 10,000×g for 4 min at 4°C. The supernatant was analyzed by UHPLC-HRMS (Thermo Q-Exactive).
6
Analytical Method for Estrogen Analogs
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Three estrogen analogs: 17β-Estradiol [E2, 3,17β-Dihydroxy-1,3,5 (10)-estratriene], Estrone [E1, 1,3,5 (10)-Estratrien-3-ol-17-one] and 17α-Ethinyl estradiol [EE2, 17α-Ethinyl-1,3,5 (10)-estratriene-3,17β-diol] were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). Their deuterated (d4) versions: 17β-Estradiol-d4 [E2-d4, 3,17β-Dihydroxy-1,3,5 (10)-estratriene-2,4,16,16-d4], Estrone-d4 [E1-d4, 1,3,5 (10)-Estratrien-3-ol-17-one-2,4,16,16-d4] and 17α-Ethinyl estradiol-d4 [EE2-d4, 17α-Ethinyl-1,3,5 (10)-estratriene-3,17β-diol-2,4,16,16-d4] were purchased from CDN Isotopes (Pointe-Claire, QC, Canada). Human liver microsomes (HLM) were purchased from Bioreclamation IVT (Westbury, NY, USA). Rat liver microsomes (RLM) were purchased from Corning (Corning, NY, USA). Glutathione (GSH) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada), as well as HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), LC-MS-grade formic acid. Ultrapure water was from a Millipore Synergy UV system (Billerica, MA, USA).
7
Wushanicaritin Glucuronidation in Various Species
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), alamethicin and d -saccharic-1,4-lactone were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pooled human liver microsomes (HLM), human intestinal microsomes (HIM), recombinant expressed human UGT Supersomes™ (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 2B4, 2B7, 2B10, 2B15 and 2B17), dog liver microsomes (DLM), rat liver microsomes (RLM), monkey liver microsomes (MkLM), rabbit liver microsomes (RaLM) and guinea pig liver microsomes (GpLM) were all obtained from Corning Biosciences (Corning, Corning, NY, USA). Wushanicaritin (purity > 98%) was purchased from Jingzhu Medical Technology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Wushanicaritin 3-O-glucuronidation (G1) and 7-O-glucuronidation (G2) were prepared according to the previous study [12 (link)]. The detailed NMR data of G1 and G2 are shown in Table S1 , and their NMR spectra were displayed in Figures S1 and S2 . β-estradiol, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), propofol and zidovudine (AZT) were purchased from Aladdin Chemicals (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade or the highest grade commercially available.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!