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6 protocols using chemiluminescent imaging system

1

Western Blotting and Co-Immunoprecipitation Protocols

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For Western blotting, fat tissue and liver tissue were homogenized on ice in 1% CHAPS extraction buffer containing complete protease inhibitors (Roche Bioscience, #04693159001) and 0.1 mM Na3VO4 for inhibiting phosphatase. The homogenates were rotated for 30 min at 4°C to ensure extraction of membrane proteins. After centrifugation at 15,000×g for 120 min, supernatants were collected and protein concentration was measured with the BCA protein assay reagent (Pierce). Equal amounts of protein lysates were resolved on 4-12% Bis-Tris NuPAGE gels, followed by standard Western blotting with the antibodies specified above. Chemiluminescent signals were scanned and integrated density values were calculated with a chemiluminescent imaging system (Alpha Innotech).
For Co-IP, 3T3L1 cells were first grown in DMEM for 24 h in 60-mm plates to ~ 80% confluence and then transfected with the indicated expression constructs. After being cultured for 48 h, cells were lysed and equal amounts of lysates (500 μg in 1 ml) were used for immunoprecipitation with Myc or Flag-conjugated beads overnight. The extensively-washed immunoprecipitates were resolved on a 4-12% NuPage Bis-Tris gel, followed by standard Western blotting with the antibodies specified above. Chemiluminescent signals were scanned and integrated density values were calculated with a chemiluminescent imaging system (Alpha Innotech).
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Western Blot Analysis of AC16 Cell Proteins

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For Western blot analysis, the cultured AC16 cells were homogenized on ice in 1% CHAPS extraction buffer (150 mM KCl, 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 0.1% CHAPS) containing complete™ EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor (Roche Bioscience) and 0.1 mM Na3VO4 to inhibit phosphatases. The homogenates were rotated for 30 min at 4°C to ensure the extraction of membrane proteins. After centrifugation at 15,000 × g for 120 min, the supernatant was collected, and protein concentrations were measured with BCA protein assay reagent (Pierce). Equal amounts of lysate proteins were resolved on 4–12% Bis-Tris NuPAGE gels, followed by standard Western blotting with the antibodies specified below. Chemiluminescent signals were scanned, and integrated density values were calculated with a chemiluminescent imaging system (Alpha Innotech). The antibodies of HIS, DSG2, Connexin 43, and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (USA).
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Western Blotting of Brain Proteins

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For western blotting, snap-frozen brain sections were homogenized on ice in 1% CHAPS extraction buffer containing complete protease inhibitors (Roche Bioscience) and 0.1 mM Na3VO4 for inhibiting phosphatase. The homogenates were rotated for 30 min at 4 °C to ensure extraction of membrane proteins. After centrifugation at 15,000 × g for 120 min, supernatants were collected and protein concentration was measured with the BCA protein assay reagent (Pierce). Equal amounts of lysate proteins were resolved on 4–12% bis–tris NuPage gels, followed by standard Western blotting with the antibodies specified above. Chemiluminescent signals were scanned and integrated density values were calculated with a chemiluminescent imaging system (Alpha Innotech, San Leandro, CA).
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4

Quantifying Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes in Ovine MCA

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As noted, ovine MCA were cleaned of adventitia and the endothelium was denuded in a phosphate-free balanced salt solution (BSS) of the following composition (mM): 126 NaCl; 5 KCl; 10 HEPES; 1 MgCl2; 2 CaCl2; 10 glucose; pH 7.4 (adjusted with NaOH). The arteries were homogenized with a tissue grinder in ice-cold cell lysis buffer (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), as described previously [12] (link). Protein concentrations were measured using a protein assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a reference protein standard. Mini Trans-Blot Electrophoretic Transfer Cell system (Bio-Rad Laboratories) was used to transfer proteins from the gel to a nitrocellulose membrane at 100 V for 3 h. We then performed an overnight incubation of subtype specific primary antibodies (1∶500 dilution) for α1A-, α1B-, and α1D-AR (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA). We used α-actin as an internal control for equal protein loading, as well as the blocking peptide for each subtype specific antibody as a negative control (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The membrane was then incubated in chemiluminescence luminol reagent (Pierce, Rockford, IL) for 1 min, and the protein band was detected using Alpha Innotech Chemiluminescent imaging system (San Leandro, CA).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Stress

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Real‐time PCR referred to our previous study (Liu & Luo, 2018). For western blotting, one milliliter of cultured medium was removed from each well and centrifuged at 16,000 × g for 10 min at 4°C, and cell protein was extracted using RIPA lysis buffer and the concentration was measured using a BCA kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Bis‐Tris NuPAGE gels (4%–12%) were used to separate the protein by electrophoresis. Chemiluminescent signals were scanned using a chemiluminescent imaging system (Alpha Innotech). The antibodies against HIS, CHOP, GRP78, Caspase 3, and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology.
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6

Protein Extraction and Western Blot

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Nuclear and cytosolic proteins from 293T cells were extracted using Nuclear Protein Extraction Kit (Solarbio). SDS-PAGE was performed using a 12.5% PAGE Gel Rapid Preparation Kit (Yeasen). Lysates were mixed with SDS-gel sample buffer and heated at 90°C for 10 min. Then, the protein samples were loaded onto the PAGE gels. After electrophoresis, the bands were electrophoretically transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Tris-buffered saline, the membranes were incubated with anti-FLAG primary antibody (Proteintech, 20543-1-AP, 1:5,000), anti-GAPDH primary antibody (Proteintech, 10494-1-AP, 1:5,000), and anti-Histone-H3 polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, 17168-1-AP, 1:1,000). Chemiluminescent signals were scanned, and integrated density values were calculated with a chemiluminescent imaging system (Alpha Innotech).
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