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6 protocols using nb600 503

1

Western Blot Analysis of TSPAN1 Protein

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Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay buffer (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) as well as Protease Inhibitor (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) were used to lyse cells (28 (link)). Following protein collection, a BCA Pierce Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) was used to quantify the protein concentration. Protein (50 µg) from each sample was denatured and resolved by 10% SDS-PAGE (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and electroblotted to a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane (EMD Millipore). PVDF membranes were incubated with 5% non-fat milk for one hour at room temperature and were then incubated with anti-TSPAN1 antibody (1:300; cat.no. NBP2-33867; Novus Biologicals, LLC, Littleton, CO, USA) or anti-β-actin antibody (1:1,000; cat.no. NB600-503; Novus Biologicals, LLC) at 4°C overnight. Following washing with TBS with 5% Tween-20, the membrane was incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:3,000; cat.no. NB710-57836; Novus Biologicals, LLC) for 1.5 h at room temperature. Finally, signals were developed by enhanced chemiluminescence (Pierce; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). The optical density of each protein band was quantified by a scanning densitometer and Quantity One software (version 4.4.1; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA, USA). Each lane of protein band density was normalized against corresponding β-actin densities.
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2

Western Blotting of Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Protein samples for western blotting were isolated from culture-adapted PSCs by homogenization with lysis buffer (#9803, CST, USA). The samples were boiled in laemmli buffer (#161-0737, Bio-Rad, USA) for 5 min and were resolved on a 4%-12% gradient SDS-PAGE gel and blotted to PVDF membrane. Following overnight incubation with primary antibodies against α-SMA (1:1000; #NBP2-33006, Novus Biologicals, USA), GFAP (1:1000; #60190-1-Ig, Proteintech, USA) and beta-actin (1:1000, # NB600-503, Novus Biologicals, USA) and detection by HRP-conjugated IgG. Bands were visualized using an Azure 300 chemiluminescent imaging system (Azure Biosystems, USA).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of NQO-1

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Briefly, distal colon tissue sections were homogenised and lysed in a RIPA buffer containing protease inhibitor cocktails (Complete ULTRA Tablets, Mini, EDTA-free, Roche, New South wales, Australia). Protein quantification was done using a DC protein Assay Kit from Biorad. The samples were suspended in loading dye and boiled at 95 °C for 5 min. A total of 20 μg of protein was separated on 4–15% of SDS-PAGE gel (Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Gels (50 µL), Biorad, New South Wales, Australia) at 100 V for 60 min, then electro-transferred to a PVDF membrane at 250 A for 60 min. The membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat milk for 1 h at room temperature (RT) and then incubated with primary antibodies against NQO-1 (1:1000) (ab34173, Abcam) and β-actin (1:8000) (NB600-503, Novus Biologicals) overnight at 4 °C. After washing, membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody (1:3000, 7074, Cell Signaling Technology, Australia) for 1 h at RT. The bands were visualised with a chemiluminescence reagent (SuperSignal, West Pico PLUS, Chemiluminescent Substrate, Thermo Scientific, Victoria, Australia) and imaged using a Fujifilm Luminescent Image Analyzer (LAS-3000 image reader, version 2.2) (Fuji Life Sciences, Japan).
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4

Protein Isolation from Tissue Samples

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For protein isolation, tissue powders in each replicate were homogenized by a Daihan 15D tissue homogenizer (27,000 rpm) in 400 μL of RIPA Lysis Buffer (including 2 μL of PMSF, 2 μL of a sodium orthovanadate, and 2 μL of a protease inhibitor cocktail) (RIPA Lysis Buffer System, sc-24948; Santa Cruz, CA, USA) under ice-cold conditions. The lysate was centrifuged at 14,000 g for 20 minutes and in the range of 2.13–3.17 mg/mL of total protein was detected by the protein A280 method with a micro-volume spectrophotometer (Optizen Nano Q; Mecasys). The protein level was measured using a Western blot assay and SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) electrophoresis, as described by Delen et al. [15 (link)] with two primary antibodies (DDR1 [NBP1-33134; Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA] and DDR2 [NBP2-14927; Novus Biologicals]) and normalized with a beta-actin antibody (NB600-503; Novus Biologicals). Protein quantities were determined with the ProteinQuant software and given as relative density.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of EXO1 Protein

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Cells were collected and lysed in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer plus protease inhibitors. Lysates were incubated in RIPA for 15 min at 4°C and centrifuged at 4°C for 15 min. Protein concentrations were assessed using a Bradford protein assay. Samples were then resuspended in 4× lithium dodecyl sulfate sample buffer and denatured using heat. Protein samples were electrophoresed on 4–20% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes in transfer buffer (20% methanol, 11% glycine and 3.4% Tris) at 100 V. Membranes were blocked with 5% milk in Tris-buffered saline–0.1% Tween (TBST) at room temperature for 45 min. The membranes were then incubated overnight in 5% milk in TBST at 4°C with an EXO1 (Thermo Fisher, 266) or actin (Novus, NB600-503) antibody. Membranes were subsequently washed in TBST and exposed to horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies in 5% milk in TBST at room temperature for 1–2 h. Membranes were subsequently developed and enhanced using a commercial enhanced chemiluminescent kit.
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Runx2, α-actin, and β-actin

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Cell monolayers were lysed with Laemmli's buffer (Laemmli, 1970) . Total protein content of the cell lysates was evaluated by a micro-method (Lowry et al., 1951) . Lysates were heated to 100 C for 3 min, after which aliquots containing 40 mg of protein were subjected to 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The separated proteins were then transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore, Bedford, MD), which were blocked in 3% non-fat dry milk in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) for 2 h at room temperature. They were then incubated at 4 C for 24 h with anti-Runx2(Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, sc-10758, Lot #H1909), anti-aactin (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, sc-53142, Lot #H1909), or anti-bactin polyclonal antibodies (Novus Biologicals, NB600-503, Lot # A5) diluted 1:2000 in PBS with 0.5% bovine serum albumin. After four washes in PBS with 0.1% Tween 20, the membranes were incubated with a secondary goat anti-rabbit antibody, followed by staining with the peroxidase-biotin reagent and diaminobenzidine from the Vectastain kit. The intensity of the Runx2, a-actin and bactin specific bands was quantified by densitometry after scanning the PVDF membrane with a Hewlett-Packard Scanjet 4C. Images were analysed using the gel plugin of Image J program (www. macbiophotonics.ca/imagej).
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