Cellbind tissue culture plates

Methanol-d₄, tetramethylsilane, quercetin, linoleic acid, soybean 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO), hypoxanthine, xanthine oxidase (XO) from bovine milk, acarbose, 22-S-hydroxycholesterol (22-SHC), 4-nitrophenyl α-d-glucopyranoside (PNP-G), 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-d-maltotrioside (CNPG3), quercetin and gallic acid were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), Folin Ciocalteu reagent was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Dulbecco‘s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM-Glutamax™, 5.5 mM), DMEM, fetal bovine serum, Ultroser G, penicillin–streptomycin–amphotericin B and trypsin-EDTA were obtained from Gibco Life Technologies (Paisley, UK). d-[¹⁴C(U)]glucose (1 μCi/mL, 100 μM) was purchased from ARC (American Radiolabeled Chemicals, St. Louis, MO, USA). Corning CellBIND tissue culture plates were obtained from Corning Life-Sciences (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The protein assay reagent was obtained from BioRad (Copenhagen, Denmark). All other reagents were of the highest purity available. All solvents were of analytical grade and water was purified by a MilliQ system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, homovanillic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, phloroglucinol aldehyde, hippuric acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, epicatechin, catechin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside, naringenin, isorhamnetin, rutin, quercetin, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, 4-methylcatechol, benzoic acid, DMSO-d₆, CD₃OD, Griess reagent A, Griess reagent B, cell proliferation kit I (MTT), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Proanthocyanidins B2, B5, and C1 were obtained from Plantchem (Klepp, Norway). Dulbecco‘s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM-Glutamax™, 5.5 mM), fetal bovine serum, and penicillin–streptomycin–amphotericin B were obtained from Gibco Life Technologies (Paisley, UK). Corning CellBIND tissue culture plates were obtained from Corning Life-Sciences (Schiphol-Rijk, The Netherlands). All other reagents were of the highest purity available.