Four electronic pipettes

For LSC analysis, we used Tri-Carb 3110 #1 and #2, Tri-Carb 5110, and a Quantulus GCT6220 instrument, and 20-mL LSC plastic vials (all from PerkinElmer). The Quantulus GCT6220, a newer version of the Tri-Carb, has a guard compensation technology (GCT) option that can decrease background interference for alpha and beta nuclides. We used a high-precision analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.0001 gm (Mettler-Toledo, LLC). We also used 15 mL and 50 mL conical polypropylene tubes (Becton Dickinson) for different solution preparation, a Brinkman bottletop dispenser with capacity from 5 mL to 25 mL (Brinkman Instruments, Inc.) for cocktail dispensing, and four electronic pipettes with total volume range from 5 μL to 5 mL (Eppendorf, Inc).

For this study, we used three ultralow level liquid scintillation spectrometers Quantulus1220 (Q#1,2,3) equipped with PSA and MCA (PerkinElmer); 20-mL LSC plastic vials (PerkinElmer) for LSC analysis; a high-precision analytical balance capable of accurately weighing 0.0001 gm (Mettler-Toledo, LLC) for quench curves and urine spikes preparation; 15-mL and 50-mL conical polypropylene tubes (Beckton Dickinson) for solutions preparation; Brinkman bottle top dispenser with capacity from 5 mL to 25 mL (Brinkman Instruments, Inc.) for cocktail dispensing; and four electronic pipettes with a total volume range from 5 μL to 5 mL (Eppendorf, Inc).

For this study we used two ultralow level liquid scintillation spectrometers Quantulus^™1220 (#2 and #3) and two Tri-Carb^™3110 (#1 and #2) (all from PerkinElmer Company) for Am-241, Sr-90/Y-90, H-3, and P-32 analysis in alpha/beta mode; 20-mL LSC plastic vials (PerkinElmer Company) for LSC analysis; a high precision analytical balance capable of accuracy weighing 0.0001 gm (Mettler-Toledo, LLC); 15-mL and 50-mL conical polypropylene tubes (Becton Dickinson Company) for solution preparation; a Brinkman bottletop dispenser with capacity from 5 mL to 25 mL (Brinkman Instruments, Inc.) for cocktail dispensing; and four electronic pipettes with total volume range from 5 μL to 5 mL (Eppendorf, Inc).