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4 protocols using cd226

1

TIGIT Expression on T Cell Subsets in Healthy Donors

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Example 12

TIGIT expression on T cell subsets in healthy donors was evaluated by flow cytometery. Frozen PBMC from 12 healthy donors were purchased from Astarte Biologics (Bothell, Wash.) and Folio Conversant (Huntsville, Ala.). Donor ages ranged from 21 to 74 with a median age of 48. Cells were stained with a viability dye and the following anti-human antibodies following Fc receptor blocking: CD3, CD96, CD226, CCR7, CD25, CD127, CD45RA, CD8, CD4, CD226, CD155 (Biolegend), and TIGIT (eBioscience). Stained cells were then analyzed on an Attune Nxt flow cytometer (Life Technologies). Treg subsets were defined by appropriate expression of CD4, CD25 and CD127) (CD4+CD25+CD127lo). CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory (TEM; CD45RACCR7), CD45RA+ effector memory (TEMRA; CD45RA+CCR7), central memory (TCM; CD45RACCR7+), and naïve (TN; CD45RA+CCR7+) cell subsets were defined according to CD45RA and CCR7 expression. As shown in FIG. 3, TIGIT expression is highest on Tregs, while the activating receptor CD226 expression is lower on both memory and naïve CD8 T cell subsets and shows similar levels to naïve CD4 T cell subsets. CD155 expression is mostly absent among T cells but was seen on antigen presenting cells.

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2

Comprehensive Immune Cell Profiling by FACS

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Fluorescence-activated cell sorting studies were performed using: FITC-, PE-, PE-Cy5, APC-Cy7, PE-Cy7, Pacific blue-, or APC-conjugated anti-human antibodies to: CD3 (clone#: HIT3a, 1:50), CD8 (SK1 or RPA-T8, 1:20), IL-17 (BL168, 1:20), IFNγ (4 S.B3, 1:10), IL-10 (JES3-19F1, 1:10), IL-4 (8D4-8, 1:10), FOXP3 (206D, 1:10), CD39 (A1, 1:20), CD73 (AD2, 1:20), CD28 (CD28.2, 1:20), CD45RA (HI100, 1:20), CD226 (TX25, 1:20), CXCR3 (G025H7, 1:20), Tim3 (F38-2E2, 1:20), CCR6 (G034E3, 1:20), Perforin (B-D48, 1:20), Granzyme B (GB11, 1:20) and CCR7 (g043h7, 1:20) from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA); CD39 (BU61, 5 μg ml−1) from Ancell Corporation (Bayport, MN, USA); Annexin V from BD Biosciences (1:20; Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA); phospho-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185; G9, 1:20) and phospho-NFκB p65 (Ser536; 93H1, 1:20) from Cell Signalling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA); and Isotype control antibodies from Ancell Corporation or eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA).
Antibodies used for western blot included the following: phospho-PI3K p85 (Tyr458; #4228, 1:800), phospho-Akt (Ser473; #9271, 1:1,000), phospho-mTOR (Ser2448; #2971, 1:1,000), mTOR (#2972, 1:1,000), pJNK (Thr183/Tyr185; #9251, 1:1,000) and phospho-NFκB p65 (Ser536; #3031, 1:1,000), from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA); NOX2 (ab31092, 1 μg ml−1) and β-actin (AC-15, #ab6276, 1:40,000) from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA).
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3

Comprehensive Immune Profiling of T Cells

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After T cell activation, T cells were stained with directly labeled antibodies (or isotype controls) as follows: CD46 (FITC, clone: MEM-258, Biolegend), CD11a (PE, clone HI111, Biolegend), CD69 (FITC, clone FN50, Biolegend), CD99 (PE, clone 3B2/TA8, Biolegend), CD29 (PE, clone: TS2/16, Biolegend), CD49d (APC, clone: 9F10, Biolegend), CXCR3 (PE human, Miltenyi Biotech), CD226 (APC, clone 11A8, Biolegend), CD146 (APC, clone P1H12, Biolegend), CD166 (PE, clone 3A6, Biolegend), TIGIT (APC, clone: A15 15 36, Biolegend). Cells were analyzed using a FACSCalibur or a 5 laser LST Fortessa (BD Biosciences). A live-dead marker (LIVE/DEAD™ Fixable Far Red Dead Cell Stain, Thermofisher) was added to the cells to exclude dead cells. The delta geometric mean is shown (MFI staining – MFI isotype). Representative staining are shown in Supplementary Figure S1. For the cohort of patients supplemented with vitamin D, PBMCs were analyzed with a panel of antibodies consisting of CD3-AF700, CD4-FITC, CD25-BV605, CD127-BV421, CD45RA-BV510, Foxp3-PE, CD46-PE/cy7, CD226-PE-dazzle 594, CD146-APC, CD162-BV711, CD6-BV785. Viable cells were selected using the NIR-ZOMBIE APC-Cy7 (Biolegend) (Supplementary Figure S1C). Cells were analyzed using a Fortessa (BD Biosciences) and analysis was done using FlowJo and t-SNE clustering.
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4

Multiparameter Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Markers

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Alexa Fluor® 647 antihuman TIGIT mAb (clone MBSA43) was obtained from BioLegend® (San Diego, CA, USA). The antibodies to evaluate CD155 (Alexa Fluor® 647, clone SKII.4), CD112 (PE, clone R2.525), PDL-1 (PerCP-Cy5.5, clone 29E.2A3), NKp30 (PE, clone P30-15), NKp44 (PE, clone P44-8), NKp46 (PE, clone 9E2), CD226 (PE, clone DX11), and NKG2D (PE, clone 1D11) were obtained from BioLegend® and MICA (PE, clone 159227), MICB (FITC, clone 236511), ULBP1 (PerCP, clone 170818), ULBP2-5-6 (PE, clone 165903), and B7-H6 (APC, clone 875002) from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). In addition, Ultra-LEAF ™ purified antihuman TIGIT antibody (clone A15153A, mouse IgG2a, BioLegend®) and anti-IL6R antibody (Tocilizumab/Actemra®; Roche, Basil, Switzerland) were used for functional blocking assays at 50 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, respectively. Stattic (STAT-3 inhibitor; CAS 19983-44-9) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). This reagent was reconstituted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) as 50 mM stock solutions and stored at −20 °C until use.
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