Sd medium

The strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table S1. A. tumefaciens strains were grown at 28°C in MG/L medium or induction medium (IBPO₄; Cangelosi et al., 1991 (link)). S. cerevisiae strains were grown at 30°C using yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) medium (Clontech, now TaKaRa, http://www.takara-bio.com) or SD medium with appropriate drop-out (DO) supplements (Clontech). Escherichia coli strain DH5α was used for plasmid construction and was cultured at 37°C in lysogeny broth (LB) medium. Media were supplemented with 100 μg ml⁻¹ carbenicillin or 100 μg ml⁻¹ kanamycin, where needed.

INV.Sc1 yeast cells were transformed using the lithium acetate method [28 (link)]. The yeast cells were plated on minimal synthetic defined (SD) medium (Clontech, Mountain View, USA) and incubated at 30 °C. Clones were checked for integrity by colony PCR. Wildtype yeast and cells transformed with the empty vectors (pAG_GAL1 and pAG_GAL1_eCFP) served as controls.
For the expression of TbREF, a single colony was picked and inoculated into 5 ml SD medium and cultivated overnight at 30 °C on a rolling platform. From this culture, 50 ml of fresh SD medium was inoculated to a final OD₆₀₀ of 0.1 and incubated at 30 °C shaking at 140 rpm in a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask. When the culture reached an OD₆₀₀ of 0.4, the medium was changed to SD medium containing galactose instead of glucose to induce gene expression and cultivated for at least 20 h.