Spss program v24

The mean fold change, 2^−ΔΔC_T values (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001 (link)), were calculated using MS Excel (Microsoft corporation, USA). Three experimental groups, consisting of dsRNA RferOBP-injected (dsRNA), not-injected (NI), and NFW-injected groups, were established with triplicate biological and technical replicates. Significant differences among the experimental groups for qRT-PCR, the olfactometer assay and EAG were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by multiple-comparison testing with the least significant difference (LSD) test (P < 0.05) (for the olfactometer assay and qRT-PCR) or with Tukey's HSD test (for EAG analysis) (Stelinski and Tiwari, 2013 (link)) using SPSS program v24. Homogeneous subsets in both the olfactometer and EAG assays were identified by Waller-Duncan statistics (α = 0.05) using SPSS program v24 (IBM SPSS statistics, NY, USA).

All six sets of pipes were imaged independently using an axial T1-weighted sequence (TE = 9.8 ms, TR = 678 ms, slice thickness 3.5 mm, FOV 320 × 320 mm) at 1.5 T (Sonata Maestro Class, Siemens Medical Solution, Erlangen, Germany) using a 4-channel phased-array surface coil. The same sequence was repeated twice to test reproducibility. Fourteen slices per pipe were obtained.
For each image, signal intensity (SI) in arbitrary units (au) was measured by one observer using a 4-mm diameter region of interest (Horos 3.3.5, www.horosproject.info) placed approximately in the middle of the image. For each pipe, the mean and standard deviation (SD) of SI over the 14 regions of interest was calculated. To compare the SI of Gd-BOPTA and Gd-DTPA, data from all the pipes and all the measurements were averaged.
Reproducibility between SI of each pipe was tested using the Bland-Altman method. Differences of SI between pipes at the same concentration of the two sets (with or without synovial fluid) and between pipes containing Gd-BOPTA at different concentrations and Gd-DTPA were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Differences of SI among the five sets of pipes containing Gd-BOPTA per each concentration were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The SPSS program (v.24, IBM, NY) was used. P-value threshold was set at 0.003 for multiple comparison correction.