Five Swedish landrace pigs with a median weight of 63 (61–65) kg were fasted overnight with free access to water. Premedication was performed with an intramuscular injection of xylazine (Rompun® vet. 20 mg/ml; Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany; 2 mg/kg) mixed with ketamine (Ketaminol® vet. 100 mg/ml; Farmaceutici Gellini S.p.A., Aprilia, Italy; 20 mg/kg), and a peripheral intravenous access was established in the earlobe. The pigs were then transferred to the laboratory and placed in the supine position on the operating table. Anesthesia was induced with sodium thiopental (Pentothal; Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois, USA) and pancuronium bromide (Pavulon; N.V. Organon, Oss, The Netherlands). Anesthesia was maintained with a ketamine (Ketaminol® vet), Midazolam (Midazolam Panpharma®, Oslo, Norway), and fentanyl (Leptanal®, Lilly, France) infusion. Fluid loss was compensated for by continuous infusion of Ringer’s solution. Mechanical ventilation was established with a Siemens-Elema ventilator (Servo Ventilator 300, Siemens, Solna, Sweden).
Leptanal
Manufactured by Eli Lilly
Sourced in France
Leptanal is a precision laboratory equipment designed for accurate measurement and analysis. It is an essential tool for researchers and scientists working in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and pharmaceuticals. Leptanal provides reliable and consistent results, ensuring the integrity of scientific experiments and data collection.
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5 protocols using leptanal
1
Anesthesia and Ventilation in Swedish Landrace Pigs
2
Anesthesia Induction in Porcine Model
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Eight pigs, with a bodyweight of 70 kg were fasted overnight and induced with anaesthesia, by intravenous sodium thiopental (Pentothal®; Abbot Scandinavia, Stockholm, Sweden; 4 mg/kg) and fentanyl (Leptanal®; Lilly, France; 2 µg/kg), and allowed to stabilize for 1 h before the experiments started.5
3
Anesthesia and Hemodynamic Monitoring
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An overview is provided in Figures 1A, B . All donors (n = 22) and recipients (n = 22) were premedicated with xylazine (Rompun® vet. 20 mg/mL; Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany; 2 mg/kg) and ketamine (Ketaminol® vet. 100 mg/mL; Farmaceutici Gellini S.p.A., Aprilia, Italy; 20 mg/kg). All animals were placed under general anesthesia with ketamine (Ketaminol® vet, 100 mg/mL; Farmaceutici Gellini S.p.A., Aprilia, Italy; 20 mg/kg), Midazolam (Midazolam Panpharma®, Oslo, Norway) and fentanyl (Leptanal®, Lilly, France). A pulmonary artery catheter (Swan-Ganz CCOmbo V and Introflex, Edwards Lifesciences Services GmbH, Unterschleissheim, Germany) was inserted into the right internal jugular vein and an arterial line (Secalon-T™, Merit Medical Ireland Ltd., Galway, Ireland) was placed in the right common carotid artery.
4
Anesthesia and Ventilation in Pigs
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Twelve pigs with a body weight of 70 kg were fasted overnight but with free access to water. An intramuscular injection of xylazine (Rompun vet. 20 mg/mL; Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany; 2 mg/kg) mixed with ketamine (Ketaminol vet. 100 mg/mL; Farmaceutici Gellini S.p.A, Aprilia, Italy; 20 mg/kg) was used for premedication. Anesthesia was then induced with intravenous sodium thiopental (Pentothal; Abbot Scandinavia, Stockholm, Sweden; 4 mg/kg) and fentanyl (Leptanal; Lilly, France; 2 μg/kg) and maintained with a continuous infusion of fentanyl in Ringer's acetate (3.5 µg/kg per hour) in combination with sodium thiopental (∼2.5 mg/kg). The animals were orally intubated with cuffed endotracheal tubes. Mechanical ventilation was established with a Siemens-Elema ventilator (Siemens-Elema AB, Solna, Sweden) in the volume-controlled mode (35% oxygen). The ventilation settings were identical for all animals: respiratory rate 15 breaths/min and minute ventilation 12 L/min. A positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O was applied. A Foley catheter was inserted into the urinary bladder through a suprapubic cystostomy.
5
Anesthesia and Surgical Preparation of Pigs
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Eight pigs with a body weight of 70 kg were fasted overnight but had free access to water. An intramuscular injection of xylazine (Rompun vet. 20 mg/mL; Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany; 2 mg/kg) mixed with ketamine (Ketaminol vet. 100 mg/mL; Farmaceutici Gellini S.p.A., Aprilia, Italy; 20 mg/kg) was used for premedication. Anesthesia was then induced with intravenous sodium thiopental (Pentothal; Abbot Scandinavia, Stockholm, Sweden; 4 mg/kg) and fentanyl (Leptanal; Lilly, France; 2 μg/kg) and maintained by continuous infusion of fentanyl in Ringer's acetate (3.5 µg/kg/h) in combination with sodium thiopental (∼2.5 mg/kg). The animals were orally intubated with cuffed endotracheal tubes. Mechanical ventilation was established in the volume-controlled mode with 35% oxygen (Siemens-Elema AB, Solna, Sweden). The ventilation settings were identical for all animals: respiratory rate 15 breaths/min and minute ventilation 12 L/min. A positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O was applied. A Foley catheter was inserted into the urinary bladder through a suprapubic cystostomy. Following anesthesia and the surgical procedures, the pig was allowed to stabilize for 1 hour before the experiments were started.
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