Logiq e9 ultrasound scanner

Patients were examined using a Logiq E9 ultrasound scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) with a C1–6 curved array transducer operating in a coded harmonic imaging mode with a low mechanical index (MI < 0.2). Before the contrast administration, the sonographer acquired grayscale still images with and without measurements and video clips of the tumor in two imaging planes. Before the contrast injection, the sonographer used color and pulsed wave Doppler to help visualize any major vascularity surrounding the tumor. Patients then received 1 bolus injection of 0.2 to 0.3 mL of Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA) followed by a 10-mL saline flush for baseline CEUS imaging. Before the CEUS examination, the sonographer reviewed the baseline CT/MRI for anatomical guidance. For the 1 to 2 weeks and 1 month post-TACE CEUS scans, the sonographer monitored residual enhancement within the treatment cavity. For patients with viable tumor post-TACE, the sonographer attempted to identify the feeding vasculature on CEUS during the early arterial phase (Fig. 2).

All pregnancies complicated by FGR underwent complete fetal sonographic assessment of both anatomy and Doppler evaluation as part of the study protocol on the same day as the MRI study using a LOGIQ E9 ultrasound scanner (GE Healthcare, WI). Abdominal circumference, head circumference, femur length and estimated fetal weight were measured and plotted according to GA [11 (link)]. Fetal middle cerebral (MCA) and umbilical arterial (UA) flow velocities were measured using a pulse-wave Doppler, and pulsatility indices (PI) were calculated. The cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) was calculated by dividing the middle cerebral artery pulsatility index by the umbilical artery pulsatility index [20 (link)]. Subjects were classified into the sub-group of abnormal Doppler studies if the UA PI was > 95 centile for gestational age and/or the CPR was less than 1 [21 (link)]. All sonographic studies were reviewed by a single attending radiologist (D.B.).
Healthy control pregnancies underwent complete fetal echocardiographic assessment using a Vivid 7 ultrasound scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) as part of an adjunct prospective study. Fetal middle cerebral and umbilical arterial flow velocities were measured using a pulse-wave Doppler; pulsatility indices, CPR and z-scores (derived from normal references) were calculated [21 (link)].

Patients were scanned with a Logiq E9 ultrasound scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) using a C1–6 curved array transducer. The transducer was operated in a coded harmonic imaging mode with a low mechanical index (MI < 0.2). On baseline imaging, patients received 0.2 – 0.3 mL of Definity contrast agent (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA) followed by a 10 mL saline flush. Before an injection of contrast agent, the sonographer obtained grayscale still images with and without measurements demarcating the tumor. The sonographer also used color and pulsed-wave Doppler to help visualize major vascularity surrounding the tumor area. Imaging data were collected during the arterial phase at midline of the tumor, followed by sweeping through the lesion for the first 60–90-s post-injection. Following arterial imaging, intermittent imaging (1 sweep approximately every 30 s) was recorded to evaluate vascularity while still minimizing microbubble destruction.