The pH and electrical conductivity of the lake surface water were measured using a pH meter (D-71; Horiba, Kyoto, Japan) and a conductivity meter (ES-51; Horiba), respectively. The additional analyses described below were performed at Chikyu Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd. (Geo-Science Laboratory, Nagoya, Japan) following the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) methods (see Key Resources Table ). The concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer (SOLAAR S Series; Thermo Fisher Scientific). The concentration of NH4+ was measured by indophenol blue absorptiometry (UV–160; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The concentrations of Cl–, NO2–, NO3–, SO42–, and PO43– were determined by ion chromatography (761 Compact IC; Metrohm, Herisau, Switzerland). To determine the total nitrogen concentration, the water sample was digested with potassium persulfate and was analyzed by UV-spectrophotometry (UV–160; Shimadzu). Total phosphorus was determined by standard molybdenum-blue colorimetry following persulfate digestion. Total organic carbon was measured using a TOC Analyzer (TOC-VCPH; Shimadzu).
Uv 160
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The UV-160 is a high-performance UV-Visible spectrophotometer designed for laboratory applications. It provides accurate and reliable measurements of sample absorbance across a wide wavelength range. The UV-160 is a versatile instrument suitable for a variety of analytical tasks requiring UV-Vis spectroscopy.
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Lab products found in correlation
Dri chem slide ldh piii, by Fujifilm (8 mentions)
Whatman, by Cytiva (3 mentions)
No 1 filter paper, by Cytiva (2 mentions)
761 compact ic, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Es 51, by Horiba (1 mentions)
Toc vcph, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Trypsin gold, by Promega (1 mentions)
F 7000 spectrometer, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Cm 3500d, by Konica Minolta (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Spironolactone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
96 well polystyrene plate, by SPL Life Sciences (1 mentions)
D3024, by Scilogex (1 mentions)
10 shogaol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 shogaol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 gingerol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
10 gingerol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 shogaol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 gingerol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q water, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
86 protocols using uv 160
1
Comprehensive Surface Water Analysis
2
Cytotoxic Effect of Auraptene on Platelets
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The cytotoxic effect was examined by determining the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Washed platelets (3.6 × 108 cells/mL) were preincubated with either auraptene (35, 50, and 100 µM) or 0.1% DMSO for 20 min at 37 °C. An aliquot of the supernatant (10 µL) was deposited on a Fuji Dri-Chem slide LDH-PIII (Tokyo, Japan) and read by a spectrophotometer (UV-160; Shimazu, Japan). The maximal level of LDH was observed in triton-treated platelets.
3
Honokiol-induced LDH Release in Platelets
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Washed platelets (3.6 × 108 cells/ml) were preincubated with 5 μM or 10 μM honokiol or a solvent control (0.5% DMSO) for 20 min at 37 °C. An aliquot of the supernatant (10 μl) was deposited on a Fuji Dri-Chem slide LDH-PIII (Fuji, Tokyo, Japan), and the absorbance wavelength was read at 540 nm with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-160; Shimazu, Japan). A maximal value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed in the sonicated platelets.
4
Mitochondrial Swelling Kinetics
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Mitochondrial swelling, as previously mentioned (Drahota et al. 2012a) , was estimated as a decrease in the absorbance at 520 nm at 30 °C in a Shimazu UV 160 spectrophotometer. The basic swelling medium contained 125 mM sucrose, 65 mM KCl, 10 mM HEPES, and 5 mM succinate, with a pH of 7.2. K-phosphate, T 3 and Ca 2+ were added as indicated in the figures. One minute after mitochondria reached an absorbance of about 1 (amount 0.4 mg/ml) swelling was induced by addition of CaCl 2 solution. The decrease in absorbance was detected in 10 s intervals for a further 10 min. We obtained three parameters of the swelling process in digital form: (a) the extent of the swelling (dA 520 /9min); (b) the maximum swelling rate (dA 520 /10s); (c) the time(s) required to reach the maximum rate.
Each figure is representative of at least 3 different experiments using different mitochondrial preparations; all experiments gave identical results.
Each figure is representative of at least 3 different experiments using different mitochondrial preparations; all experiments gave identical results.
5
Emulsion Stability and Activity Measurement
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Emulsion activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI) were determined immediately after the emulsion was prepared. To assess these indices, samples were taken from the bottom of the tubes at 0 and 30 min.20 Subsequently, these samples were 2000-fold diluted using a solution consisting of 1% (v/v) acetic acid and 0.1% (w/v) SDS (AA-SDS). To prevent flocculation, the mixture was vigorously vortexed for 5 s. The absorbance at 500 nm was then read using a spectrophotometer (UV-160, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan).where A0 and A30 represent the absorbance measured at 0 and 30 min, respectively. DF stands for the dilution factor, while L represents the path length of the cuvette in meters. C denotes the initial protein concentration (g mL−1). ∅ signifies the oil volume fraction (0.25). Lastly, Δt represents the time interval (30 min).
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6
Leaf Nutrient Content Analysis
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Leaf samples were then passed through pure water three times and dried with blotter paper. The leaves were kept in an oven at 65–70 °C for 48 h to dry. The leaves were ground in a porcelain mortar and conducted suitable for analysis. In the K, Ca and Mg atomic absorption spectrophotometer [25 ], the total N content of the leaves were detected as % by the modified Kjeldahl method [25 ]. In the samples made ready for analysis by applying dry burning, P was determined in the spectrophotometer device (UV-160 a Shimadzu) according to the vanadomolibdo phosphoric yellow color method, and the results were expressed as % [25 ].
7
Measuring Photosynthetic Pigments and Chlorophyll Fluorescence
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Chlorophylls a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids’ contents were determined essentially as described by Jeffery and Humphrey (23 (link)). Leaves from the 3 weeks old plants were frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground in 80% (v/v) acetone. The absorbance was then measured at 670, 645, and 663 nm (Shimadzu UV-160). The chlorophylls a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids’ content were then calculated according to the following formula:
Ca= (12.76663-2.69A645)V/FW
Cb= (22.9645-4.68A663)V/FW
Ctotal= (20.26645-8.02A663)V/FW
Ccarotenoid= (1000A470-1.82Ca- 85/02Cb)/198
The fluorescence of Chlorophyll a was determined with OPTI-Sciences OS-30 fluorometer (Walz, Effeltrich, Germany). After 15 min adaptation of the Arabidopsis plants to the dark, F0 (the initial fluorescence content of PSII reaction center) was determined in the presence of 10 μmol photons m.s-1 measuring beam. The Fm (maximum fluorescence content in the dark-adapted state) was determined using a 0.8 s saturating irradiance pulse. The fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm was calculated using the DualPAM software.
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Chlorophylls a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids’ contents were determined essentially as described by Jeffery and Humphrey (23 (link)). Leaves from the 3 weeks old plants were frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground in 80% (v/v) acetone. The absorbance was then measured at 670, 645, and 663 nm (Shimadzu UV-160). The chlorophylls a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids’ content were then calculated according to the following formula:
Ca= (12.76663-2.69A645)V/FW
Cb= (22.9645-4.68A663)V/FW
Ctotal= (20.26645-8.02A663)V/FW
Ccarotenoid= (1000A470-1.82Ca- 85/02Cb)/198
The fluorescence of Chlorophyll a was determined with OPTI-Sciences OS-30 fluorometer (Walz, Effeltrich, Germany). After 15 min adaptation of the Arabidopsis plants to the dark, F0 (the initial fluorescence content of PSII reaction center) was determined in the presence of 10 μmol photons m.s-1 measuring beam. The Fm (maximum fluorescence content in the dark-adapted state) was determined using a 0.8 s saturating irradiance pulse. The fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm was calculated using the DualPAM software
8
Spectrophotometric Determination of Metals
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The molars were placed in vials containing 2 ml of concentrated (65 weight %) nitric acid (Qualigens Fine Chemicals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India) until complete dissolution. Centrifugations of the vials were done at 6000 rpm for 7 min to separate the debris (Centrifuge REMI R-8C, India). One ml of the supernatant from each sample was transferred to the glass cuvette. Sample absorbance was determined by UV-spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-160, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) at 545 nm using concentrated nitric acid as a blank.[15 (link)]
9
Photosynthetic Pigment Quantification
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For measuring photosynthetic pigments, we used the method by
Arnon (1949) (link). 0.5 gram of fresh leaf material placed in acetone 80% and homogenized to extract chlorophyll. The resulting solution was filtered through Whatman’s No.1 filter paper. After extracting of photosynthetic pigments in acetone 80%, absorbance of chlorophyll a and b was recorded by UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-160) at 645 and 663 nm respectively. According to
Arnon (1949) (link) chlorophyll concentrations were calculated using the formulas below:
Chl.a (mg l
-1) = [12.7 (A
663) – 2.69 (A
645)] * 0.5 ml of extracted sample
Chl.b (mg l
-1) = [22.9 (A
645) – 4.69 (A
663)] * 0.5 ml of extracted sample
Total chlorophyll = Chl a + Chl b
Arnon (1949) (link). 0.5 gram of fresh leaf material placed in acetone 80% and homogenized to extract chlorophyll. The resulting solution was filtered through Whatman’s No.1 filter paper. After extracting of photosynthetic pigments in acetone 80%, absorbance of chlorophyll a and b was recorded by UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-160) at 645 and 663 nm respectively. According to
Arnon (1949) (link) chlorophyll concentrations were calculated using the formulas below:
Chl.a (mg l
-1) = [12.7 (A
663) – 2.69 (A
645)] * 0.5 ml of extracted sample
Chl.b (mg l
-1) = [22.9 (A
645) – 4.69 (A
663)] * 0.5 ml of extracted sample
Total chlorophyll = Chl a + Chl b
10
Quantifying Total Phenolic Content
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The total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated by the Folin–Ciocalteau method [20 (link)]. We mixed 0.4 mL of the extract in methanol (1 mg/mL) with 2 mL of Folin–Ciocalteau reagent and 1.6 mL of (7%) sodium carbonate. After that, all the samples were shaken gently and placed in a dark place for 90 min. The absorbance of the samples was measured at 750 nm using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu-UV-160, Shimadzu Research Laboratory Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Gallic acid monohydrate was used to prepare a standard curve. The TPC was calculated and the result was expressed as mg GAE/g extract.
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